Chem

the property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause the fluid to flow. (the higher the viscosity, the slower it flows)

are designed to kill or injure personnel.  

designed to temporarily disable personnel and do not create permanent injury.

measure of how readily an agent evaporates.

• Casualty Causing
• Incapacitating
• Chem compounds

• nerve
• blister
• blood
• choking

• psychological
• physiological

• tear gas
• vomiting
• training
• herbicides

same as bio toxin

35nm @ 10nm

• •Variable Persistency
• –gas (minutes)
• –liquid
• –solid (days)

•Odorless

•Tasteless

• •Percutaneous &
• Inhalation hazard

•Slow hydrolysis (detoxification)

•Rapidly destroyed by decontaminating agents

•Sudden headache

•Reduced vision

•Unexplained runny nose

•Drooling

•Difficulty breathing

•Stomach cramps

•Nausea

•Muscular twitching

•Strange/Confused Behavior

•Gurgling Sounds

•Pinpointed Pupils

•Red Eyes/Tears

•Vomiting

•Severe Muscle Twitching

•Involuntary Urination & Defecation

•Convulsions

•Breathing Stopped

• •Protect Yourself
• –Stop breathing & don mask
• –Remove any liquid (M291 or RSDL)

• •Protect Others
• –Sound alarm
• –Mask Victim 

• •Identify Symptoms
• –mild case in self
• –severe case in others

• •Treat symptoms accordingly( buddy Aide or Self Aide)
• –Three Atropine
• –Three 2Pam-Cl

•Report locations of injured

•Move injured if time permits

•Continue with mission

• •Very Persistent (days to
• weeks)

•Oily liquid or dusty agent

colorless to yellow

•Smells like garlic or horseradish

•Heavier than water (small droplets tend to float)

•Slow hydrolysis

•Neutralized by HTH

•No immediate pain

•Skin reddens in 4-6 hrs

•Blisters form in 1-2 days

•Healing takes 3-8 weeks

•Lung tissue contact rare

(Dusty agents)

• •Cyanide containing compounds that block oxygen transfer from
• blood to cell tissue

• •Non-persistent
• <15min hazard duration 

• •Gas
• –colorless 
• –Inhalation hazard only

•Degrade mask filters

•Smells like bitter almonds

• •Irritation of
• nose, throat, eyes

• •Stimulated
• breathing

•Headache

•Giddiness

•Dizziness

• •Increased
• pulse rate

•Skin flushes red

• •Violent
• convulsions occur in 20-30 sec

• •Breathing
• ceases in 1 min

• •Heart stops
• beating in 1-5 min

• •Treatment is
• limited IAW NAVMED P-5041

• •Non-persistent
• 10-20 min hazard duration 

• •Gas
• –colorless 
• –Inhalation hazard only 

• •Sweet Odor
• –New mown hay
• –Fresh corn
• –Green onions

• •Minor exposure
• causes:

–Irritation of nose, throat, lungs

–Chest pains

–Tearing eyes

–Dry throat

–Nausea/vomiting

–Headache

• •Pulmonary Edema (“Dry land drowning”)
• –Bonus effect - heart attack 

• •Severe exposure Causes:
• –Violent convulsions
• –Coma
• –death 

•Treatment - None