-
initial management of a sle patient with kideny involvement?
renal biopsy
-
depot drugs of antipsychotics ?
- haloperirol
- fluphenazine
- risperidone
- paliperidone
-
soap bubble appearing tumor?
giant cell tumor
-
rx for threatened abortion?
reasure and observe
-
rx for a missed abortion?
d and c
-
nucleic acid amplification for gc and chamydia have what sensitivity?
90% +
-
most common lysosomal storage disease?
enzyme deficiency?
-
a tumor with high afp and beta hcg?
non seminamotous germ cell tumor
-
anemia in a young child?
- transient erythroblastenia of childhood
- iron deficiency
-
breast milk is low in what vitamin?
vitamin d
-
timeline of alcohol withdrawals?
- seizures -1st 2 days
- hallucisnosis 1st 2 days
- 2 to 3 days after last drink
-
difference between alcoholic hallucinosis and dt?
hallucinosis has vital signs and dt doesnt
-
patietns post splenectomy should receive what antibiotics for up to 5 years?
penicillin
-
differential for vestibulopathy and vertigo?
- menieries
- labirynthitis
- benign positional vertigo
- acoustic neuroma
- perilymphatic fistulas
-
who gets cyclical vomiting?
kids of parents who have migraines
-
when do you start ace inhibitors in diabetics?
- microalbuminuria
- 130/80 on two occasions
-
best initial test for minimal blood per rectum?
anoscopy
-
when is external cephalic version performed?
after 36 weeks
-
mutation in cf results in what?
insertion
missense
deletion?
deletion
-
best initial test for hemorrhage in a blunt abdominal trauma patient?
- fast
- if unequivical then lavage
-
if looking for a hemoorage in the peritonieum from blunt abdominal trauma and the fast is negative, next step?
ct
-
when are pregnant women test for gbs?
test for gestational diabetes?
cbc?
at 36 weeks
27 weeks for gestational diabetes and cbc
-
difference between alzheimers vs multi infarct demenia?
alzheiemers--agnosia, apraxia, aphasia
multi infarct--focal neurological defects--sensory or motor losses
-
calcium gluconate protects the heart in what conidtion?
hyperkalemia
-
mechanism of statin induced rhabdomyolysis?
inhibition of coq10 production
-
caroli syndrome vs choledochal cyst?
- caroli --intrahepatic dilatation
- choledochal cyst--intra or extra hepatic dilation
-
2 causes of cholangiosarcoma?
clonorchis
choledochal cyst
-
most common type of cancer in the neck?
scc
-
a muffled voice and a unilateral lymphadenopathy of the neck +
peritonisillar abscess
-
all deiseases where a functional part is mutated as in hypertrophic cardiomyomapthy are inherited how?
autosomal dominant
-
what is the only shock that has normal mixed venous o2 saturation?
septic
-
when a patients chest moves in when taking a deep breath this means?
ribs are fractures--flail chest
-
necrotizing pneumonia cuaseing absecesses post viral infection?
staph aureus
-
what predisoposes to aortic dissection?
aortic aneurysm?
- hypertension
- atherosclerosis
-
what vasculitis causes aortic dissection?
giant cell arteritis
-
what causes cough in left atrial enlargement?
in mitral stenosis
irriation of the phrenic nerve
-
earliest sign of diabetes in the kidney?
earliest quanitfiabel?
- hyperfiltration
- basement membrane thickening the the earliserst quantifibale
-
what electrolytes predispose to vtach?
- hypokalemia
- hypomagnesemia
-
after chronic steroid administartion, how long does it take acth and cortisol level to come back to normal?
several months
-
when is base used to treat severe metabolic acidosis?
when ph is less than 7.2
-
what neurotransmitter is involved in ocd?
decreased serotonin
-
risk factors for placental abruption?
- hypertension
- sle
- cocaine
- smoking
- diabetes
-
rx for intrauterine fetal demise?
- expectant management
- or
- induction of labor
-
rash in a newborn with eosinophils on biopsy?
erythema toxicumc
-
cause of any intestinal atresia?
intrauterine vascular accident causing necrosis of the bowel
-
what leukemia in childhood can metastesize to the brain?
ALL
-
symptoms of bronchiectasis?
- linear atelectasis on x ray
- copious purulent sputum with +/- blood
-
rx for bronchiectasis?
- chest physiotheray and postural drainage
- antibiotics
- surgical resection of affected lung
-
what class of medications can cause hyperthermia as well as hypothermia?
typical antipsychotics
-
post cholecystectomy pain can be of two etiologies, what are they? and the rx for them?
- functional--analgesics
- sphincter of oddi dysphunction---surgery to correct it
-
cause of fatty liver?
insulin resistance--leads to increased lipolysis and oxidation of fats leading to inflammation
-
hyperthryoid with decreased RAIU?
increased RAIU?
-
what congenital anomalies give cyanosis and increased pulmonary blood flow? loud s2
decreased pulmonary blood flow? soft s2
- increased--togv
- truncus arteriosus
- TAPVC
-
what electrolyte produces a sine pattern?
hyperkalemia
-
when is hyperkalemia treated?
>6.5
-
how is mania diagnosed?
- 3 of the following
- distractibility
- insomnia
- grandiosity
- flight of ideas
- activity increased
- speech increased
- thoughtlessness
-
2 immunodeficienies that have decreased b and t cells?
-
infection in the eye with inflammation and edema post surgery, most common cause?
post operative endopthalmitis
-
how are cancers tackled?
- induction
- consolidation
- maintenenace therapies
- if it fails
- salvage therapy
-
contraindication to bupropion?
seizures
-
rx for diseases caused by bacteria from pets?
zoonotic infections?
macrolides
-
when is back pain concerning?
- when it occurs in someone older >60
- lasts for more than 6 weeks
-
when is delivery indicated with the BPP?
- if the BPP is
- 8 and oligohydramnios
- 6, no oligohydramnios and over 37 weeks
- 6 with hydramnios if over 32 weeks
- <4 and at least 26 weeks
-
complications of cath?
- retroperitoneal hematoma
- aneurysm
- arterial thrombosis
-
cah vs aromatase deficiency?
- cah has salt wasting + virilization of genitals
- aromatase deficiency-- sexual infatilism
-
hypotensive hypernatremia rx?
normotensive hypernatremia rx?
- normal saline
- half normal saline
-
wernickes encephalopathy?
- nystagmus
- ataxia
- opthalmoplegia
- confusion
-
High grade intraepithelial or low grad neoplaisa next step?
colposcopy
-
genital warts are pruritic?
no
-
trichloroacetic acid treats what?
genital warts
-
best initial test for vertebral osetomyelitis?
mri
-
how does a vertebral osteomyelitis present?
- vertebral tenderness
- paraspinal muscle spasm
-
what gives exudative effusions?
-
most important risk factor to control for ascending aortic dissection?
abdominal aortic aneurysm?
- hypertension
- abdominal--control factors taht cause atherosclerosis like smoking
-
when do you operate with carotid artery stenosis?
stenosed 80% and up
-
cmv retinitis?
white patches of retinal opacification and hemorrhage
-
painless 3rd trimester bleeding?
painfull 3rd trimester bleeding?
- placenta previa
- rupture of membranes--ferning test
-
how does a vasa previa present?
- vaginal bleeding of fetus' origin which results in
- fetus distress
-
risk factors for placenta previa?
- multiparrity
- ceserean section
-
work up of secondary amenorrhea?
- bcg
- fsh-ovarian failure
- tsh-- hypo and hyperthyroidism
- prolactin--tumor or medications
- testosterone-- pcos
- hysteroscope with normal prl, fsh, tsh
-
what drug combinations predisoposes to seizures?
cocaine and opiods
-
asymptomatic proteinuria, next best step?
recheck it 2 more times
-
what 2 lesions predispose to squamous cell carcinoma?
- acitinic keratosis
- leukoplakia
-
description of the renal artery stenosis murmur?
continuous in systole and diastole
-
cause of assymetric blood pressures in the arms?
- aortic dissection or
- artherosclerosis of the subclavian artery
-
what viruses is implicated in causing primary lymphoma in the brain of hiv patients?
ebv in the csf
-
most specific finding on biopsy of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid?
invasion of the thyroid capsule and blood vessels
-
what 2 thyroid cancers have hurthle cells?
-
how is follicular cancer different from follicular adenoma?
follicular cancer invades the thyroid capsule and the blood vessels
-
how does follicular thyroid cancer spread?
blood vessels
-
chest pain brought on by rest with st segment elevation?
prinzmetal angina
-
what organism can cause gallbladder cancer?
cholangiosarcoma?
-
best indicator of tca overdose?
qrs complex length
-
bilateral breast enlargement, erythema 2 days post birth?
breast enlargement with milk
-
most common cause of bloody discharge of the nipple?
intraductal papilloma
-
breast mass in <30 yo? next step?
>30?
- ultrasound
- ultrasound and mammogram
-
tests for lactose intolerance?
- increased Hydrogen in breath and stool
- increased stool osmolar gap
- increased amount of reducing sugars in stool
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