Biology Test- Ch. 19-20

the world's smallest fish

the world's largest fish

scientists who study fish

three main body regions of the bony fish

large, flat gill cover

the most prominent features of the trunk and tail

located just behind the head on each side of the body

two sets of paired fins:

located to the rear of the pectoral fins and lower on the trunk

projects upward from the fish's back

projects downward from the rear of the fish's trunk

serves as a fish's propeller and rudder

determines the age of a fish

fish's skeletal muscles arranged in W-shaped bands

special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the fish's blood

Each gill consists of a curved arch of cartilage (__1__), from which branches two rows of long, narrow ___2___.

beneath the operculum and opens into the fish's pharynx

vanelike projections from the front of each gill arch that strain food particles and other debris out of the water, preventing the fills from becoming fouled by these sediments

A fish is designed with a ___ chambered heart.

a system of special nerve endings that extends over its head and the sides of its body; allows a fish to sense faint vibrations and pressure changes in the water

releases the sex cells from the fish

to lay eggs

fish eggs

contains the sperm cells

allows a fish to adjust its buoyancy so that it can remain stationary at a fixed depth without having to "tread water"

releases the gas to fill the swim bladder

skeletons are made of cartilage rather than bone

responsible for more injuries to people than all other species of fish combined

ratfish, elephant fish, unusual cartilaginous fish

parasitic bloodsuckers that use their sucking organ to attach themselves to other fish

animals without backbones

invertebrates with jointed appendages

external skeleton

composes the exoskeleton

scientists who study insects

immature form of the insect that looks much like the adult but has different body proportions and lacks wings

incomplete metamorphosis

process by which insects mature

complete metamorphosis

an insect's three distinct body regions

part of the insect that contains the feelers

part if the insect that contains the legs and wings

part of the insect that contains most of its vital organs

components of an insect's mouth

-ptera

-cockroach
-katydid
-praying mantis
-cricket

-damselfly
-dragonfly

an insect with a half-wind design and piercing-sucking mouthparts

-water strider
-stinkbug
-squash bug

-cicada
-aphid
-leaf hopper
-tree hopper

-butterflies
-moths

-fly
-mosquito
-gnat

-beetle
-weevil
-firefly

-ant
-wasp
-bee

egg-laying female

male bee

non-egg-laying females

-spiders
-daddy longlegs
-mites
-ticks
-scorpions

spiders have two distinct body regions:

a fused head and thorax

located below the spider's eye

attached to each side of a spider's mouth

fifteen extremely thin, flat folds of tissue forming parallel air pockets that are arranged like the pages of a book

the organs which the spider uses to spin silk

provides the vital organs with an additional defense against hungry predators

designed to help a crayfish keep a firm grip on its food

a crayfish's abdominal appendages

flippers

remove wastes from the blood