-
Define homeostasis.
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
-
What are the primary homeostatic organs in mammals?
The primary homeostatic organs are the kidneys, liver, large intestine, and skin.
-
hat are the three regions of a kidney?
The three regions of a kidney are the pelvis, medulla, and cortex.
-
(T/F) A nephron is situated such that the loop of Henle runs through the medulla.
True.
-
Name the following parts of a nephron:
- 1. Bowman's capsule
- 2. Proximal convoluted tubule
- 3. Loop of Henle
- 4. Descending limb
- 5. Ascending limb
- 6. Distal convoluted tubule
- 7. Collecting duct
-
What is the primary purpose of the kidney?
The primary purpose of the kidneys is to regulate the salt and water concentration in the blood.
-
Where are the amino acids, glucose, and vitamins reabsorbed in the nephron?
Amino acids, glucose, and vitamins are reabsorbed into the proximal convoluted tubule.
-
Where in the loop of Henle does water passively diffuse out?
Water passively diffuses out of the descending limb.
-
(T/F) Water passively diffuses into the ascending limb.
False, the ascending limb is impermeable to water.
-
(T/F) Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and H2O from the distal tubule and collecting duct.
True.
-
Would high levels of aldosterone result in concentrated or dilute urine?
High levels of aldosterone result in concentrated urine.
-
How would low levels of aldosterone affect blood pressure?
Low levels of aldosterone lead to reduced blood plasma volume and therefore reduced blood pressure.
-
Would high levels of ADH (vasopressin) result in concentrated or dilute urine?
High levels of ADH result in concentrated urine.
-
Where and how does ADH affect the nephron?
ADH makes the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct more permeable to H2O.
-
(T/F) Urine leaves the kidney via the ureter and leaves the bladder via the urethra.
True.
-
Is urine hypertonic or hypotonic to blood?
Urine is hypertonic to blood.
-
What are some of the functions of liver?
Liver functions include regulation of blood glucose, detoxification of toxins, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and destruction of old red blood cells.
-
(T/F) The large intestine functions as an excretory organ by getting rid of excess salts.
True.
-
In which layer of the skin are sweat glands, sense organs, and blood vessels located?
Sweat glads, sense organs, and blood vessels are located in the dermis.
-
(T/F) Constriction of blood vessels in the skin leads to decreased body temperature.
False, constriction of blood vessels in the skin leads to increased body temperature.
|
|
