Test 2

A substance that provides H+ ions in water

A negitively charged atom or group of atoms

Ex. Cl-

The smallest particle that retainsthe chemical properties of an element.

The weighted average mass of an element's naturally occurring atoms.

A convenient unit of mass

the # of protons in atom's nucleus

a substance that provides OH- ions which disovle in water

a positively charged atom or group of atoms

force that holds atoms together in chemical compounds

a pure substance that is formed when atoms of two or more differnt elements combine in a specific way to create a new material w/ properties completely unlike those of its constituent elements

a format for writing a chemical reaction, listing reactant on left, products on right, an arrow inbetween them.

the transformation of one substanace into another

a bond that occurs when 2 atoms share several, usualy 2, electrons

a negatively charged fundamental atomic particle

a mix having regions w/ diff. compositions

a mix having a consitent composition throughout

a charged atom or group of atoms

a bond that results from a transfer of one or electrons between atoms

a solid whose constituent particles are ions ordered into a regular three-D arrangement, held together by ionic bonds

atoms w/ identical atomic #s but differnt mass #s

differnt samples of a pure chemical substance always contain the same proportion of elements by mass

mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

when 2 elements combine in diff. ways to form diff. substances, the mass ratios are small ,whole #, multiples of one another

total # of protons and neutrons in an atom. = to # protons (z) plus # neutrons (n)

a blend of 2 or more substances in some arbitray proportion

unit of matter that results when 2 or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

a nuetral, funadamental atomic particle in the neucleus of atoms

the central core of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons

an acid that contains Oxygen, Hydrogen and another element

an anion of an oxoaacid

a charged, covalently bonded group of atoms

a positely charged, fundamental atomic particle in neucleus of atoms

a representation that shows the specific connections between atoms in a molecule

• 1) mono
• 2) di
• 3) tri
• 4)tetra
• 5) penta
• 6) hexa
• 7) pepta
• 8) octa
• 9)nona
• 10) deca

NH4+ (cation)

CH3CO2-

CN-

ClO-

ClO2-

ClO3-

ClO4-

H2PO4-

HCO3-

HSO4-

OH-

MnO4-

NO2-

NO3-

CO3-2

CrO4-2

Cr2O7-2

O2-2

HPO4-2

SO3-2

SO4-2

S2O3-2

PO4-3

the # of units in a mole; 6.022 X 10^23

the volume of a gas at a fixed pressure and temperature is proportional to its moler amount.

a chemical equation in which the #s and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the reation arrow

a# placed before a formula in a chemical equation to indicate how many formula units are required to balance teh equation

a formula that gives the rations of atoms in a chemical compound

sum of atomic masses of all atoms in one formula unit of a substance

one unit (atom, iton, or mole) corresponding to a given formula

the reactant present in liminting amount that controls the extent to which a reaction occurs

the mass of one mol of a substance; = to molecular or formula mass of substance in grams

a common unit of concentration; the # of moles of solute per liter of solution

the SI unit for amount of substance; the qunatity of a substance that contains as many molecules or formula units as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of C12

a formula that tells identity and #s of atoms in a molecule

the sum of atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule

a list of elements present in a compound and the mass % of each

the amount of product actualy formed in a reaction divided by the amount theoretical possible and multiply by 100

the dissolved substance in a solution

mole/mass relationship between reactants and products

a procedure for determining the concetration of a solution

amount of product formed in a reaction

two things: elements and chemical components.

solutions-sub micrscopic, homo

colloids-microscopic, hetero

suspension-muddy river water is an example

latin term for "indivisible"

classic building blocks of chemical substances-a single discrete entity

basic building blocks of chemical substances- several of the same type of atom

two or more atoms joined together by chemical bond

same # of protons in neucleus as electrons in the electronic cloud

• father of modern chemistry. 1850. dalton's hypotehsis of atoms of atoms and molecules:
• 1) all elements are composed of atoms, atoms of one element are all the same but diff. from atoms of other elements.
• 2) each element is characterized by mass of its atoms
• 3) elements combine in whole # ratios to form molecules and compounds (proust's law and law of multiple proportions)
• 4) chemical reactions scramble the atoms that are bonded together but they do not change the fundamental identity of atoms (same elements on the reactants as the products)

1440 BC father of ancient atomic hypothesis

• Z A #of n(A-Z) #of e amu Name symbol
• Hydrogen-1 1 1 0 1 1.0 Hydrogen H
• Hydrogen-2 1 2 1 1 2.0 Deuterium D
• Hydrogen-3 1 3 2 1 3.0 Tritum T