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what is the outermost and thinnest layer of skin compised of stratified squamous epithelia
epidermis
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what fills cells with a tough, waterproof protein when they approach the surface of the skin
keratin
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what does the pigment layer of the epidermeris contain
melanocytes
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what produces melanin
melanocytes
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what determines skin color and our ability to prevent UV skin injury
melanin
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what is the deeper and thicker layer of the cutaneous membrane comprised mainly of arranged connective tissues
dermis
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what is the most superficial portion of the dermis made up of
parallel rows of dermal papillae
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what allows the dermis to bind with the epidermis and gives human unique fingerprints
dermal papillae
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what area of the body contains blood vessles and nerves that feed the integument
hypodermis/ subcutaneous/ superficial fascia layer
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what part of the integumentary system provides physical and UV light protection and heat insulation
hair
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what part of the integumentary system prevents dirft, micro and macro organisms into the ears, nose and eyes
hair
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how many hairs on are the scalp
100,000+
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how much does hair grow each day
.3mm per day
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what is the fine, temporary downy hair on an infant called
Lanugo
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what is an extension of the epidermis into the dermis that will house hair
hair follicle
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what is the hair that is seen called
shaft
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what is the hair that is not seen called
root
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what is the origin of hair, and is innervated by nerves and blood vessels from the hypodermis
hair papilla
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what part of the integumentary system is a small smooth muscle that is attached to both the hair follicle and epidermal/dermal junction
arrector pili
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what part of the integumentary contracts when its cold or becuase of emotional interaction and causes goose bumps
arrector pili
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what skin gland secretes a lipid fluid/sebum
sebaceous
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which skin gland lubricates the hair root, moisturizes the epidermis, and inhibits bacterial growth
sebaceous
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which skin gland secretes sweat through ducts to the epidermis
subdoriferous
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what components make up sweat
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what are the two types of sudoriferous glands
- apocrine
- merocrine/eccrine
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which type of sudoriferous gland sends sweat to the epidermis via hair follicles
apocrine
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where are apocrine glands found
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which type of sudoriferous gland secreations are very fluid and released through their own ducts to the epidermis
merocrine/eccrine
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what are the 6 functions of the integumentary system
- protection
- temperature reg
- environmental sensor
- vitamin d production
- blood reservoir
- water regulation
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what does the integumenatry protect agaisnt
- microorganisms entering body
- UV light penetrating the epidermis
- harmful chemicals entering body
- cuts, tears, and physical contact
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what function of the integumenatry system involves the contraction of arector pili muscles to provide heat production and sweat release
temp regulation
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how can the body temperature increase or decrease
by diverting blood to or away from the cutaneous membrane
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what function of the integumentary system involves skin recepotrs that detect change in temp, pressure, texture and relay info to brain
environmental sensor
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what function of the integumentary system involves vitamin d that is synthesized from cholesterol by epidermal cells when exposed to sunlight
vitamin d production
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what function of the integumentary system involves the extensive vascular supply of the dermis allow skin to hold 5% of blood volume
blood resevrvoir
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what function of the integumentary system regulates water leaving and prevents water from entering the body
water regulation
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what are the most serious and frequent disorders of the integumentary system
burns
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what integumentary system disorder is tissue damage caused by friction, extreme temp, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or UV light
burns
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which degree of burn is only the damage of the epidermis with localized redness, swelling and pain
first degree
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how long does it take for a first degree burn to heal
3-5 days
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what is an example of a first degree burn
mild sunburn
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which degree of burn involves damage to the epidermis and upper dermis with localized redness, swelling, pain and blisters
2nd degree
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how long does it take for a 2nd degree burn to heal
3-4 weeks
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which degree of burn involves the damage or loss of both layers of skin and its underlying tissues
3rd degree
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which degree of burn results in gray-white, black or cherry red with little or no swealing and is not painful at first
3rd degree
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what degree of burn requires a skin graph otherwise healing will not occur and scarring will occur
3rd degree
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what disorder is the abnormally fast cellular divisions creating neoplams/tumors that may be benign or malignant
tumors
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what are the 3 types of skin tumors
- basal cell carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant melanoma
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what type of skin cancer is the most common and least malignant
basal cell carcinoma
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what type of skin cancer is slow growing and metastais rarely occurs, full cure by removal in 99% cases
basal cell carcinoma
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what type of skin cancer is the 2nd most common and usually occurs on the scalp, ears, dorsum of hands and lower lip
squamous cell carcinoma
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what type of skin cancer appears as a small rounded elevation of skin
squamous cell carcinoma
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what type of skin is thought to be sun induced and curable if detected and treated by removal or radiation, cure rate 90%+
squamous cell carcinoma
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what type of skin cancer is of melanocytes and accounts for 5% of skin cancers
malignant melanoma
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where does melonoma occur
wherever there is pigment in the skin as a spreading brown patch metastasizes rapidly
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what does ABCDE stand for when recognizing melanoma
- A- asymmetry of colored spot or mole
- B- border irregularity
- C- colors within the colored spot or mole varies
- D- diameter is larger than 6 mm
- E- evolving or changing mole
-
what disorder is the hair loss of any kind
alopecia
-
what is alopecia caused by
- genetics
- diet
- high fever
- pregnancy hormones
- thryroid disease
- lupus disease
- infectino chemo
- radiation
- stress
- drug
- endocrine hyper or hyposecretion
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