intro to psych

Exeprimental, Quantitative observational, qualitative

• Objective quantitative
• Subjective quantitative
• Qualitative,

• Informed consent
• Voluntary participation
• Confidentiality
• Right to withdraw
• Accurate reporting

• can infer causes between variables
• easy to replicate
• control extraneous variables
• able to make generalisations from results

• May not apply to real world
• Sample may not reflect population
• Can involve ethical concerns
• Many variables cannot be controlled/manipulated
• extraneous variables may affect conclusions

• Allows complex studies that cannot be done in lab
• allows unethical variables to be studies

• Hard to replicate
• Lack of controlling variables
• observer bias can distort results
• Presence of observer can influence results
• doesn't allow generalisation of results

• May be more convenient
• rich data can be provided
• Participant free to express opinion
• in-depth responses
• usefull when little/nothing is known about a topic

• Doesn't allow generalisation of results
• observer may influence behaviour
• bias/interpretation may distort results

content analysis

• Coding
• Familiarisation
• Identify themes
• Record Frequency
• Display as frequency distribution

Standard deviation

how accurately investigation measures what it claims to measure

• Is this investiation consistent if it were to be repeated with different participants
• can be reliable without being valid

• Refinement - find ways to reduce suffering and distress in animals
• Reduction - reduce number of animals used
• Replacement - replace research with methods not using live animals.
• Must be done without reducing quality of research or quality of animal welfare

• Focus group
• delphi technique
• Survey (open ended questions)
• Naturalistic observation
• Case study

• Standardised tests (IQ test)
• Physiological measures (sweat)
• Behaviour counts (frequency)

Subjective data has values that are affected by person factors. Psychologists value this because they are interested in how people judge things based on their personality, feelings and attitudes.

• limited responses
• less biased of analysis
• statistical analysis

Do not allow participants to qualify or explain their responses

• allow insight into complex problems
• Participants able to fully express thoughts and feelings

• more time consuming to analyse
• subject to bias

Informed consent

• Work should be originally theirs or credit given to others where it is due
• Not have any misrepresented data or procedures