psych ch. 9 pt. 1.txt

• identical twins separated at birth
• share similar interests, passions, and mannerisms
• attracted to same type of woman

viewpoint that weighs the degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior

suggests that a combination of hereditary and environmental factors influence development

Studies the same people repeatedly over time

studies the different people of different ages at one point in time.

studies different people of different ages over time.

• 23 pairs
• 46 chromosomes

• immediately after conception
• starts out as a microscopic speck
• develops to 100-150 cells within a week

• week 2 - week 8
• grows 10,000x larger by week 4
• 1/5 of an inch long
• has a beating heart, brain, intestinal tract
• by week 8 it has arms and legs

• week 8
• begins to respond to touch
• movements can be felt
• hair and face develop
• neurons are produced
• organs begin to function

can lead to miscarriage and infant death

• fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) results in below-average intelligence, growth delays and facial deformities
• fetal alcohol effects (FAE) is a condition in which children display some but not all problems of FAS

• can result in infant addiction to drug mother used
• newborns suffer painful withdrawal symptoms
• permanent physical and mental impairment

• child can’t produce an enzyme required for normal development
• poisons accumulate in the body, eventually causing mental retardation
• treatable if caught early and put on special diet
• most infants routinely tested

• 10% African American population has possibility of passing on disease
• causes abnormally shaped red blood cells
• symptoms include episodes of pain, yellowish eyes, stunted growth, and vision problems

• most often found in Jews of Eastern European ancestry
• usually die by age 3 or 4
• inability to break down fat

• zygote receives an extra chromosome at conception
• related to mother’s age
• women older than 35 and younger than 18 have increased risk

enviromental agents such as drugs, chemicals and viruses that produce birth defects

Deoxyribonucleric Acid

• units that tranmitt genetic information
• "makes up chromosomes"
• Rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information

a  cheese like white substance found coating the skin of newborn human babies

the hair on the body of a baby that develops white in the uterus, but disappears before/after birth, usually seen on a pre-term baby.

Assists with breast feeding”Baby uses face to find the sloping outward oval of a women’s breast to find the mini arch”

Reflex that protects the neck (whole body startle), and eyes (blinking)

( take the sole of the baby’s foot and stroke it: toes move out and move upward and back, harmless)

• Habituation: Decreased responding to stimulus after repeated exposure
• Attention:
• Follow w/ eyes
• changes, rate of sucking
• increased heart rate

• Lorenz (Animal application for attachment)
• Imprinting: Attachment follows 1st moving object

60-70%,, Has discomfort with stranger, seeks out mother immediately on return

20-25% of babies, child is impassioned of whether the mother comes in or leaves.

 10%, Mega upset when mother leaves, when mom returns child begins to hit mother

 5%, No consistent pattern of attachment

• mother: verbal, traditional games
• father: physical, rough & tumble activities

• authoritarian,
• permissive,
• authoritative,
• uninvolved parenting

• parents:rigid, punitive, strict standards
• child: unsociable, unfriendly, withdrawn

• parents: lax, inconsistent, undemanding
• child: immature, moody, dependent, low self-control

• parents: firm, set goals and limits, uses reasoning, encourages independence
• child: good social skills, likable, self-reliant, independent

• parents: detached emotionally, sees role as only providing food, clothing, and shelter
• child: indifferent, rejecting behavior