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Rest is
condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity - leads to feelding of being refreshed
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sleep is
altered state of consciouness in which the individuals perception of reaction to the environment are decreased
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Purpose of sleep =
- restores body system
- releases growth hormone
- immune function
- psychological resotration
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sleep should compromise
1/3 of our day
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RAS =
- reticular activating system
- contain cells that maintain alertnes and wakefulness
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wakefullness occurs when
the RAS recieves visual, auditory, pain and tactile sensory stimuli
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neurontransmitters involved in wake behavior
- norepinephrine
- dopamine
- histamine
- serotonin
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sleep promoting neurotransmitters
- melatonin
- adenosine
- growth hormone
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what stage of sleep compromises 75% of sleep =
non rem
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stages of sleep =
- 1= drowsiness - 5-10 min, easily awakened
- 2 = light sleep - eye movement stops
- 3 = arousal becomes difficult
- 4 = deep sleep/depth increases 10% of sleep
- 5= REM
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sleep cycle repeated how many times a night
4-5 times each night
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each sleep cycle lasts
90-100 minutes
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infant sleep needs
16 hours
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toddler sleep needs
12hour + 2 naps
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school age sleep needs (5-12yo)
10-11 hours sleep
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ADOLESCENT SLEEP NEEDS
9-10 hours
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young adult sleep needs =
8 or less
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older adult sleep needs =
- 5-7 hours sleep
- spend less time in stage 4
- and less REM sleep
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what does physical activity do for sleep
increases REM and NREM
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Dyssomnias =
sleep disorders characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness
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Parasomnias =
patterns of waking behaviors that appear during sleep
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transient insomnia can occur when
due to situational stress
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treating insomnia =
- cognitive therapy
- sleep hygiene - restrict caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
- stimulus control
- relaxation
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Narcolepsy caused by
- hypocretin
- REM sleep occurs in 15 mintues
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treatment of narcolepsy =
stimulant drugs, brief daytime naps
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OSA =
- obstructive sleep apnea
- apnea may last 10-20 seconds and up to 2 mintues
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treatments of OSA
- wearing oral appliance
- CPAP
- removal of tonsils
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rest less leg syndrome =
- feeling of creeping tingling on legs
- urge to move legs
- rest induces
- gets better with activity
- evening symptoms more severe
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URGE of restless leg syndrome
- urge to move legs
- rest induces
- gets better with activity
- evening symptoms more severe
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treatments of restless leg syndrome =
- leg massage
- heat/cold
- medications
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somnambulism =
sleep walking
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enuresis =
urination during sleep
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parasomnias =
- somnambulism - sleep walking
- night terrors
- bruxism - grinding of teeth
- enuresis - urinating in sleep
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bruxism -
grinding of teeth at night
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assessment of rest and sleep problems =
- o Sleep history
- o Usual wake/sleep times
- o Bedtime routines
- o Presence of sleep disturbances
- o Use of sleep aids
- o Sleep environment
- o Usual number of sleep hours
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sleep diary kept for how long
14 days/ 2weeks
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physical assessment of sleep and rest issues
- assess for fatigue
- facial characteristics
- behavioral characteristics
- snoring
- nocturnal myoclonus
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Nocturnal myoclonus =
movement of legs/muscles at night
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sedatives best result time frame =
first 2 weeks
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