BIOL 404-Endocrine 1

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1.Define Autocrine:

The cell signals itself through chemicals that it produced. It can be w/in the cytoplasm or on the surface of the cell.
2.Define Paracrine:

chemical signals that interact with receptors on nearby cells
3.Examples of Paracrine chamical signals are:

Cytokines and neurotransmitters
4.define exocrine:

chemical signals are secreted into ducts
5.define endocrine:

chemical signals are secreted into the blood
6.The nervous system compared to the endocrine system is:

fast and electrical
7.The endocrine system produces what?

chemical signals = hormones
8.Cells muct bear what to respond to a hormone?

receptor
9.T/F, some neurons can act as endocrine cells?

True
10.Define endocrinology:

The study of hormones and their signaling pathways
11.Endocrine organs include:
- ◦Hypothalamus
- pineal gland
- thyroid
- parathyroid
- pancreas
- adrenal gland
- gonads
12.Diffuse endocrine system includes what specific types of cells:
- ◦Myocytes of heart atria
- ◦some epithelial cells
- ◦cells in stomach and small intestine
13.The diffuse endocrine system is classified as what type of endocrine cells?

Non-traditional
14.Non-traditional endocrine organs include:
- ◦Heart
- ◦GI tract
- ◦Liver
- ◦Thymus
- ◦Kidney
15.Non-traditional endocrine cells include:
- ◦Lymphocytes
- ◦Adipose
- ◦Endothelial cells
- ◦Macrophages
- ◦Fibroblasts
- ◦Cells that produce growth factors
16.GI hormonal regulation of motility
- ◦Motilin
- ◦Substance P
- ◦Neurotensin
- ◦Enteroglucagon
- ◦Vasoactive intestinal peptide
17.Motilin is involved with:

GI motility
18.Substance P is involved in:

GI motility
19.Neurotensin is involved in:

GI motility
20.Enteroglucagon is involved in:

GI motility
21.Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in:

GI motility
22.Amines are derived from:

Tyrosine
23.Steroids are derived from:

Cholesterol
24.Peptides have how many amino acids?

> 3
25.Hormone groups that are drived from tyrosine are:

Thyroid hormones and Catecholamines
26.What two amino acids (other than Tyrosine) are hormone precursors?

Tryptophan and Histadine
27.Examples of Catecholamines include what examples:
- ◦epinephrine
- ◦norepinephrine
- ◦dopamine
28.Example of a Thyroid hormone is:

Thyroxine
29.Thyroid hormones are usually made by:

doubling a tyrosine and incorporating 3-4 iodine atoms
30.The incorporation fo Iodine atoms into Thyroid hormones adds what characteristic?

Hydrophobicity
31.The differnce between epinephrine and norepinephrine is:

◦◦the methyl group attached to the nitrogen is removed and replaced with a hydrogen
32.Dopamine is different from norepinephrine how?

◦◦The OH group is changed to a Hydrogen.
33.How do Tyroxine and Triidothyronine differ?

Triidothyronine has one less iodine (T3)
34.Hormones undergo modifications during packaging and after they have been secreted T/F?

True
35.What is a pre-pro-hormone?

a hormone that has not been fully synthesized, packaged or stored.
36.insuline is synthesized as what type of hormone precursor?

pre-pro-hormone
37.Isulin is synthesized where?

B cells of the islets of Langerhans
38.The pre portion of a pre pro hormone is a:

signal peptide
39.The pre component of the prepro insulin is removed where?

cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum
40.After the pre componenet of preproinsulin is removed what happens to the molecule?
- ◦it is packaged into secretory vesicles in teh Golgi
- ◦folded into its native structure
- ◦locked into this conformation by 2 disulfide bonds

Author

kyleannkelsey

210692

Card Set

BIOL 404-Endocrine 1

Description

BIOL 404-Endocrine 1

Updated

2013-04-06T17:42:29Z

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