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FSH and LH have how many receptor types?
one each
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How many receptor types does TSH have?
one
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GH and prolactin have how many types of receptors?
One, but they can bind with low affinity to many types of receptors.
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which anterior pituitary hormone can bind with low affinity to many types of receptors?
GH and prolactin
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ACTH has how many types of recptors?
5
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ACTH receptors can be catagorized into what twogroups?
High and low affinity recptors
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Which anterior pituitary hormone has high and low affinity recptors?
ACTH
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What is the intermediate reaction to TSH bidning to a receptor?
increasde blood flow through the thyroid and increased proteolysis of thyroglobulin
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How many high affinity recptors are on an aderenal cortex cell for ACTH?
about 60
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How many low ffinity receptors are there on Adrenal cortex cells for ACTH?
600,000 per cell
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Why does ACTH have high and low affinity receptors?
So that it can detect presence and concentration
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Which adrenal cortex hormone is dmonitored for presence and concentration by its target cell?
ACTH
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Feedback loops help the body maintain what?
Homeostasis
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Short negative feeback loops occur between what organs?
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
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A feedback loop that extends from the Hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland is classified as a:
short loop
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A long negative feedback loop includes what organs?
Those outside of the hypthalmic-pituitary comlex
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A feeback loop that extends from outside of the hypothalmic-pituitary complex is termed:
Long-loop
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Give examples of a short negative feeback loop:
- Effects of GH on GHRH
- Effects of LH and FSH on GnRH
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Give examples of long feeback loops:
- Effects of gonadal steroids on GnRH and FSH/LH
- Effects of corticosteroids on CRH and ACTH
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A tripartate endocrine axis controls what systems?
- reproductive
- adrenocorticol
- growth hormone systems
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What is a tripartate hormone control system
three negative feedback inhibitions of downstream products.
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How does a tripartate negative feeback loop work?
- The periphreal gland hormone negatively feedbacks to inhibit the Hypothalamic RH and Pituitary SH. Additionally, the Pituitary SH negatively inhibits the Hypothalamic RH.
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What are the names of the three specific tripartate axis?
- Thyroid Axis
- Adrenal Axis
- Gonadal Axis
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In the adrenal axis what three hormones play a role?
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In the Gonadal Axis what three hormones play a role?
- GnRH
- LH and FSH
- Testosterone, Estradoil and Progesterone
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In the Thyoid axis what three hormones play a role?
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What doe HPT stand for?
Thyroid tripartate axis
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What does HPA stand for?
Adrenal tripartate axis
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What does HPG stand for
Gonadal tripartate axis
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How are cortisol levels regulated during a stressful event?
negative feedback of cortisol on the hypothalamus and Anterior pituitary
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It is important to control cortisol levels during what type of non-stressful situation that causes them to rise?
circadian rhythms
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Circadian rhythims can cause a rise in what hormone?
cortisol
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Hormone Pulsatility is:
Daily changes in hormone levels that egulate secretion levels
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Hormone Pulsatility regulates what?
Secretion levels of hormones
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What three hormones have Hormone Pulsatility?
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What tiem does groth hormone spike each day?
just after sleep
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Regulation of Growth Hormone is carried out by what measures?
Short and long feedback loops and diverse inputs from the nervous system
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Which hormone is under dual control of its secretion?
GH
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What produced negative feeback on the secretion of GH?
- IGF-1
- pancreatic somatostatin
- somatostatin (hypothalamic)
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Pancreatic somatostatin, hypothalmic somatostatin and IGF-1 all limit the release of what Anterior pituitary hormone?
GH
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What activities increase the release of GH?
exercise, sleep, low plasma glucose, fasting and stress
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Exercise, low plasma glucose, sleeping, stress and fasting all stimulate teh release of what anterior pituitary hormone?
GH
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What produces positive stimulation for secretion of GH?
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GHRH and Stomach Ghrelin produce what type of effect on GH?
Positive stimulation for secretion
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What is the stimulus for TRH, prolactin secretion?
There is none known
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Which anterior pituitary hormone may be under dominant negative control of dopamine?
Prolactin
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Dopamine is produced in what part of the hypothalamus
acruate nucleus
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What hormone is produced in the acruate nucleus of the hypothalamus?
Dopamine
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Estrogens provide what type of feedback for prolactin?
positive
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What can override hypothalamo-pituitary drive of endocrin axes?
Higher centers of the brain
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Chronic stress can override what negative feedback loop?
CRH adn ACTH
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Chronic stress can cause a loss of what two Hypothalamic hormones?
GnRH and GHRH
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GnRH and GHRH are affected by high stress in what way?
loss
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