Maternity

Caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy which causes mental & physical retardation.

• -Facial Changes: thin upper lip, low nasal bridge, short upturned nose, hypoplastic philtrum (above lips), flat midface, short palpebral (eyelid) fissures, undeveloped cheek bones
• -Abnormal palmar creases
• -Respiratory Distress (cyanosis, apnea)
• -Congenital heart disorders
• -Irritability, hypersensitivity to stimuli
• -Tremors
• -Poor feeding
• -Seizures
• -Small head circumference
• -Low Birth Weight

• -Monitor for respiratory distress & poistion newvborn on side to facilitate drainage of secretions
• -Monitor for hypoglycemia
• -Assess suck & swallow reflex; administer small feedings
• -Decrease environmental stimuli

Abnormal implantation of placenta in lower uterine segment.

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

• Sudden Onset Painless Bright Red Vaginal Bleeding
• No Pain
• FHR Normal
• Soft Uterus
• S/S of Shock

• TX--> br, side lying position
• u/s to diagnose; NO abd/vag manipulation

Partial or complete premature detachment of placenta from uterus.

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

• Dark Red Bleeding
• Rigid, Board-Like Abdomen
• FHR abnormalities

Tx--> br, side-lying, NO vaginal stimulation, Monitor for s/s of DIC

• HTN
• Generalized Edema
• Proteinuria

• BR and place client in left lateral position
• Monitor BP and weight
• Monitor neuro status b/c changes can indicate cerebral hypoxia or impeding seizure
• Monitor deep tendon reflexes & for clonus- hyperreflexia can indicare incr. CNS irritability
• Monitor I & O (30mL/hr indicates adequate renal profusion)
• Increase dietary protein & carbs with NO added salt

• Severe HTN (SBP>160, DBP >110)
• Massive Generalized Edema & Weight Gain
• Proteinuria 3+, 4+
• Oliguria ( <400-500mL/24hr)
• Altered level of consciousness/visual disturbances
• HA or Blurred Vision
• Epigastric Pain, N/V
• Thrombocytopenia
• HELLP syndrome (H hemolysis, EL elevated liver enzymes, LP low platelets)

• Maintain BR
• Administer Mg Sulfate to prevent seizures
• Monitor of signs of Mg toxicity (flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed deep tendon reflexes, CNS depression, including respiratory depression) ANTIDOTE @ bedside= Calcium Gluconate
• Administer anti-HTNives & Prepare for induction of labor

Seizures

• Maintain patent airway and administer O2
• Protect client from injury
• Montiro FHR and contractions
• Administer meds to control seizures (Mg)
• Prepare for delivery after stabilization of client

onset of HTN without proteinuria or edema after 20 weeks of pregnancy ; resolves after delivery

• Vertical Incision--> more blood loss/rapid delivery
• Low-Segment Transverse Incision--> less blood loss/vaginal birth after cesarean a possibility (VBAC)

• Medication usually lower narcotic dose than normal
• Priority to prevent fluid & electrolyte imbalnce d/t bleeding

Beginning to Complete Cervical Dilation (0-10cm)

• Latent Phase--> talkative & eager to be in labor
• Ambulation
• Active Phase--> feelings of helplessness, restlessness and anxiousness as contractions become stronger
• Encourage maintenance of effective breathing patterns
• Provide quiet environment
• Promote comfort with backrubs, sacral pressure, pillow support, and position changes

• Transition Phase--> tired, restless, irritable and feels out of control
• Encourage rest btn contractions. Instruct mother to pant with pursed lips.
• Throughout Stage 1:
• Assist with comfort measures
• Changes of position
• Encourage voiding every 1-2 hours
• Offer fluids & ice chips and ointment for dry lips
• Keep mother and partner informed of progress
• Monitor FHR before, during and after contractions (120-160 normal)
• Assess cervical dilitations & effacement

• From Complete Dilation to Birth of BABY
• Cervical Dilation is complete.
• Mother feels urge to bear down

• Assist mother in pushing efforts
• Provide mother with encouragement and praise
• Provide rest btn contractions
• Assist mother in positions that promote comfort & assist pushing efforts (lithotomy, semisitting, kneeling, side-lying, or squatting)
• Prepare for birth.

• From Birth to Delivery of Placenta
• Contractions occur until Placenta is Born. Placenta separation & expuslion occur.

• Shiny Schultze
• Dirty Duncan

• Examine placenta for cotyledons & membranes to verify that it is intact.
• Following birth of placenta, uterine fundus remains firm & located 2 fingerbreadths below umbilicus
• Promote mother-neonatal attachment

The period of time from 1-4 hours after delivery of Placenta

• Fundus should be contracted, midline and located 1-2 fingerbreadths below umbilicus
• Lochia is moderate or scant and is red.
• Massage uterus if needed and teach mother to massage it.
• Apply ice packs as needed to perieum and warm blankets

• 0-3 Poor
• 4-6 Fair
• 7-10 Excellent

• Heart Rate
• Respiratory Effort
• Muscle Tone
• Reflexes
• Color

15bpm above baseline followed by a return; usually response to fetal movement or contractions; indicates fetal well-being!!

Occurs before the peak of contraction associated with HEAD COMPRESSION, benign pattern

• Onset after contraction is established with slow return to baseline.
• Indicative of fetal hypoxia b/c of deficient placental perfusion NON REASSURING

Caused by: PIH, Maternal Diabetes, Placenta Previa, Abruption Placentae

• Position mother L side lying
• Administer O2
• Stop Oxytocin
• Administer IV Fluids
• Prepare for C-Section

• Transient U/V shaped reduction occuring anytime during contraction
• Indicative of Cord Compression

• Change mother position
• Administer O2 and Discontinue Oxytocin if repetitive, severe or slow return to baseline.

Amniocentesis done at 30 weeks to determine lung materity

RSA LSA

ROP LOP

ROA LOA**

• Left Occiput Anterior- Most Common- indicating Fetal Occiput on Mother's L side toward the front of her pelvis
• Occiput Posterior
• Sacrum Anterior

25-35lbs for women with normal prepregnancy weight

Increase of 300 calories during pregnancy

Increase of 500 calories during lactation

Diet high in folic acid with folic acid supplements to prevenbt neural tube defects

Massage or breast feeding causes a natural surge of oxytocin that results in uterus contractions

If mother is Rh-, should recieve Rh immune globulin(RhoGAM) at 28 wk's gestation.

RhoGAM promotes lysis of fetal Rh+ RBCs circulating in maternal bloodstream before Rh- mother develops her own antibodies to them.

• Example:
• Mom Rh- =no Antigen
• Dad Rh+ = has Rh Antigen

Baby Rh+ = has Rh Antigen, mother's body could create antibodies to attack Rh Antigen in baby's blood. RhoGAM kills Rh antigens in mother's blood stream before mother can develop antibodies.

Subtract 3 months and Add 7 days

1st Trimester: 2-5lb

2nd Trimester & 3rd Trimester: 1/2- 1 lb/week

Total 25-35 pounds

Pain d/t implantation of egg outside of uterus. Potentially life-threatening to mother d/t hemorrhage.

• S/S:
• Missed Period
• Unilateral, dull lower quadrant pain after 4-6wks of normal pregnancy
• Rigid, tender abdomen
• Referred shoulder pain can occur
• Bleeding- gradual oozing to frank bleeding

• Tx:
• Prepare for sx.
• Monitor for shock
• Provide emotional support and expression of grief
• Administer RhoGAm to Rh- women

Can cause decreased RR (normal 30-60).

if contractions occur 2 minute intervals and last > 90 seconds.

Instruct mother to take at bedtime (nausea) with OJ (help increase absorption of Iron).

Primigravada= 18 weeks

Multigravada= 20 weeks