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hyperopia
farsightedness....cant see close stuff
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myopia
nearsightedness.....cant see far away stuff
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sty
infection of follicle of eye lash
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chazion
chronic inflammation causing an obstruction/cyst in the sebaceous gland
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conjunctivitis
- may be allergic or infections
- bacterial is contagious and shows and yellow/green exudate
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blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid
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keratitis
inflammation of cornea
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macula
central part of the retina where the rods and cones are densest
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presbyopia
aging of eye causing loss of accommodation and inability to focus on near objects
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presbycusis
age related hearing loss of increased frequency hearing
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conductive hearing loss
- hearing loss due to impairment of the outer ear, middle ear or both.
- caused by ear wax, perforated ear drum, pus, hardening of middle ear bones
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sensory hearing loss
- perceptive or nerve hearing loss caused by pathologic changes in the inner ear.
- Cranial nerve #8 or auditory centers of the brain
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Open angle glaucoma
- asymptomatic and slowly progressive
- impeded drainage leading to IOP which eventuall destroys the optic nerve fxn
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S/S of open angle glaucoma
- foggy/blurred vision
- tired feeling in eye
- cant focus
- DECREASE IN PERIPHERAL VISION
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Closed angle glaucoma
- acute with buildup of IOP occurring in 1/2-1hr
- pressure pushes iris fwd
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s/s of closed angle glaucoma
- PAIN
- pupil dilation
- blurred vision with halo
- N/V from pain
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What med can cause closed angle glaucoma?
mydriatic agents....cuz are pupil dilaters
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When performing an assessment on a pt. with closed angle glaucoma, what will I see?
- red eye
- moderately dilated and NON REACTIVE pupil cuz iris becomes adhered to the trabicular meshwork
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List three meds that are used to treat glaucoma
- Pilocarpine eye drops
- Ocusert insert-releases pilocparpine in to eye for 1 week
- Physostigmine-prolongs effects of acetylcholine in eye
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what does acetylcholine do for the eye?
causes pupil constriction
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3 major symptoms of cataracts:
- blurred vision-first sign
- hazy vision/fog
- Glare in bright light
gradual loss of vision....usually starts in one eye, then goes to the other eye
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Describe common surgery performed to remove cataracts.
When do you get it done?
Once ADL's are affected
- Extracapsular Extraction
- removal of the contents of the lens, but the posterior capsule is left in tact
- attachment of intraocular lens
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Why is it important to treat retinal detachment?
cuz it causes blindness if untreated
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Describe the surgery performed to repair retinal detachment
- Scleral buckling
- goal is to reapproximate both retinal layers to the choroid
done by shortening the sclera to enhance contact btwn the choroid and retina
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4 risk factor for developing macular degeneration
- smoking
- caucasian
- family history
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4 causes of epistaxis
- irratation of mucous membranes
- violent sneez/nose blowing
- vit K deficiency
- liver disease
- heparin therapy
- sever htn
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Describe first intervention to stop epistaxis
- position pt in sitting position leaning fwd
- chin tipped to chest
- pinch soft tissue of nose against septum for 10 min
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Why are children more at risk for developing middle ear infections?
due to the angle of the ear canal and the packing up of fluid when children get a cold
drinking a bottle laying down
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List the triad of symptoms associated with Meniere's disease
- Vertigo
- tinnitus
- neurosensory hearing loss/pressure in ears
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What is the #1 diagnosis for a patient with Meniere's disease?
sudden onset of vertigo with N/V
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Rinne test
makes use of airy and bone conduction
- hit tuning fork
- hold it close to auditory meatus till client cant hear it
- then immediately apply the base of the tuning fork to the mastoid bone
If pt cant hear it when by the mastoid bone...normal hearing
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What does a negative rinne test tell?
person is deaf due to conductive hearing loss
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Weber test
makes use of bone conduction
- place vibrating tuning for on the forehead
- then ask pt if they hear the sound better in one ear or the other
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What does weber test tell?
Tells if the person is deaf from conduction or perception
In conductive deafness the sound is referred to the deafer ear.
In perceptive deafness the sound is referred to the better ear
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