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Malaria classification
- Family-Protozoa
- Class-Sporozoa (sexual reproduction, some binary fission)
- Genus-Plasmodium
- Species- falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae
- definitive host: mosquito
- Intermediate host- humans (monkeys and other animals)
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Plasmodium falciparum
- Tropics
- Host resistant to sickle cell
- attacks RBCs
- High death rate and severity of attack
- Multiple merozoites in RBC
- Double chromatin dots
- Banana shaped gametocyte
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Plasmodium vivax
- Tropics/subtropics
- Resistant to duffy antigen receptor negative
- Young RBCs (reticulocytes)
- Latent infection
- Large RBCs
- Schuffner's dots
- All forms of life cycle in peripheral blood
- Amoeboid gametocyte
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Plasmodium ovale
- Africa
- Young RBCs (reticulocytes)
- latent infection
- Large RBCs
- Schuffner's dots
- All forms of life cycle in peripheral blood
- Amoeboid gametocyte
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Plasmodium malariae
- Subtropics
- Old RBCs
- Chronic persistence
- All forms of life cycle in peripheral blood
- Amoeboid gametocyte
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Precautions
- Screen houses
- Netting over beds
- Clothing
- Insect repellent (DEET)
- Insectacides
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Prophylactic medication
- Malarone
- Mefloquine
- Doxycycline
- Chloroquine + proguanil
- Chloroquine
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