Intro to OMT Midterm

Lensmeter or Lensometer(R)

Ophthalmometer or Keratometer (R)

projector

Refractor or Phoropter (R)

Slit Lamp or Biomicroscope

• 1-Transilluminator
• 2-Welch Allyn Retinoscope
• 3-Copeland Retinoscope

• 1-Proper sterilization
• 2-disinfection of the skin around site of operation
• 3-disinfect surgeons and assistants hands
• 4-sterile equipment and meds

an eye care professional licensed to assist ophthalmologists in measuring eye deviations and managing patients undergoing treatment

• grown in a lab
• common types=
• 1-blood agar(5% sheep blood) grows aerobic organisms
• 2-chocolate agar(10%) grows aerobic
• 3-thioglycolate-grows anaerobic organisms
• 4-Sabouraud- dextrose agar=grows yeast and fungi
• 5-freezing 4degrees C grows viruses and Chlamydia

used to help identify organisms causing infections*bacteria

• cocci-round
• bacilli-rod-like
• spirochetes-spiral

• the study of microscopic, unicellular, and multicellular organism
• ex)bacteria, viruses, fungi, paracite

• obtained from infected sites 
• inspected immediately

• intracellular parasite
• most widespread STD in the USA and is easily transmitted to partners
• #2 worldwide cause of blindness 
• caused by lack of clean water

• used to identify bacteria and fungi
• --gram positive=stain dark blue/purple
• --gram negative=stain red/pink

• povidone-iodine
• tincture of iodine
• alcohol 
• chloronexidine
• **do not make sterile (just less populated with bacteria)

healthcare proffessionals assisting, facilitating and complementing physicians

• can be either RNA or DNA
• obligate intracellular parasites that can penetrate host cells 
• once inside host cell, it injects their RNA or DNA into the host's cell replication system to produce more

• 1-cataracts
• 2-tracoma which is from chlamydia
• 2-glaucoma

• causes meningitis
• causes gohorreha

• condition of absence of all types of microorganisms
• nothing is living ex) operation room

medical eye physician licensed to provide ALL aspects of eye care including surgery

• use the NO touch rule
• when putting in eye drops the bottle tip must be held at least 1/2 in from the eye

an eye care professional trained to design and fit artificial eyes

a non-medical doctor licensed to provide SOME aspects of eye care NO surgery

an eye care professional licensed to provide all services related to ordering, preparing, dispensing and fitting eye glasses and contacts

an infection leading to the presence of potentially all types of organisms

• refers to medical items that have gone through a process of eliminating all microorganisms
• going through the process of creating Asepsis
• fire kills everything
• about an hour before it becomes unsterile

• condition of reduction of all types of organisms
• reduced life
• ex)antibacterial soap

• Center for Disease Control
• located in Atlanta, Georgia

• 1-Adenovirus-can inhibit URT, cornea, conjunctiva, and lymph
• 2-Herpes Complex- cause dendritic and geographical ulcers on the cornea
• 3-Varicella-Zoster-causes chicken pox in childre, and can cause shingles in adults painful and take one side of the head and face

if white blood cells collect in the eye, pools; indicates infection

• Acanthamoeba is one that can cause ocular infection
• Microsporidia- microscopic organisms found in people who have HIV or abuse steroids

Fungi eye infections are NOT very common but very harmful

Acids form a parcipitate that limits action and alkaline there is no parcipitate so it goes deeper in the eye

• 1-Herpes Simplex
• 2-Herpes Zoster
• 3-Adenovirus (cold)

pus producing

• Staphylococcus
• streptococcus
• neissera

caused by corneal ulcers from wearing contacts too much can destroy an eye in 48hrs

• 1-Candida
• 2-Fusarium
• 3-Aspergillus

if blood cells (red) collect/pool in the eye; indicates broken blood vessels

• cocci--staphlococcus&streptococcus
• bacilli--pseudomonas
• spirochetes--treponema (syphilis)

• 1' of information
• 1' of arc 20/20 indicates 100% visual function

• COA(certified ophthalmic assistant)
• COT(certified ophthalmic technician)
• COMT(certified ophthalmic medical technician)

90 minutes

20/20 vision

20/20 vision

BIG E

using shapes and characters instead of letters for children and illiterates

• 1-walk patient 1/2 way to the mirror 10ft 10/400 or 20/800
• 2-walk patient 5ft from mirrow 5/400 or 20/1600
• 3-use low vision chart or ETDRS
• 4-count fingers(wrote as CF@__ft)
• 5-wave hand
• 6-light perception with projection (LPcP)
• 7-light perception only(LPO)
• 8-No light perception (NLP)

night vision; dark are

low day vision; dim

day vision; well lite area

measures visual function which maybe less than indicated by Snellen acuity; tests catarcts; more accurate visual acuity measures only high contract

night blindness; problems with rods

• used to test for catarcts; use a BAT (brightness acuity tester) 
• four tests are taken--
• 1-BAT off 2-BAT at low 3-BAT at medium 4-BAT high
• *opacities in ocular medium (cornea and lens) cause increase of glare

• used a micro-snellen chart that can be projected on the retina 
• examiner does this by directing it through the pupil
• if use of PAM before cataracts surgery is not needed
• wrote like BCVA--20/40
• PAM--20/25

• Sympathetic---vs-----parasympathetic
• fight or flight---------rest and digest
• constrict---------------dialate
• pupil dialator mus.---pupil sphincter mus.

• orbicularis
• pupil sphincter
• ciliary muscle

• Age--smaller in infants and elderly
• ------larger in children
• Refractive Error---larger in myopes

a false impression of a deviation due to prominent epicanthanal folds; no deviation can be detected

wide nasal bridge above the canthus

• eso(E) turned nasally, in
• exo(X) turned temporally, out
• hyper(H) turned up
• hypo(h) turned down

• use a prism
• corneal light reflex and prism
• Hirschberg& prism=Krimsky
• quantification by prism

• unless corrected by 6-8 yrs it will stay that way could cause a useless eye
• can fix by patching the "normal" eye

estimating now serve the deviation

• +1 minimal
• +2 moderate
• +3 severe
• +4 total

• where muscles enter the eye
• origin of muscle

• muscles are not in a circle 
• the 4 rectus muscles comprise this
• insertion of muscles

found in corner of the eye medially

• 1-Lateral Rectus
• 2-Medial Rectus
• 3-Superior Rectus
• 4-Inferior Rectus
• 5-Superior Oblique
• 6-Inferior Oblique

• any task near after looking at the distance
• 3things have to happen
• 1-convergence
• 2-accommodation
• 3-miosis

Rhythmic contraction and dialation of pupil