the term ____ refers to any formal or informal means used by society to enforce norms.
Social control
____ theory focuses on how reputations can either set us on a path to deviance or divert us away from it.
Labeling
According to __________, people who encounter barriers to social goals exhibit four types of deviant behavior: innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.
Strain theory
What is corporate crime?
a special form of white-collar crime committed by executives in order to benefit their companies
_____ regard power and social inequality as the main characteristics of society.
Conflict theorists
The tendency for society to classify crime as a sign of mental illness is known as __________.
The medicalization of deviance
Based on table 6.3 you are more likely to go to prison if you are
african american than if you are latino
Thoughts and actions are considered deviant __________
only in relation to particular norms
According to sociologists, most social deviants are biologically abnormal in some way. T/F
False
A sociological approach to deviance differs from biological or psychological approaches in that it searches for __________.
factors outside the individual
Emile Durkheim’s basic insight was that deviance __________.
contributes to the social order
According to strain theory, whether a person engages in deviant behavior depends mostly upon -his or her __________.
ability to achieve cultural goals through acceptable means
Which of the four deviant paths rejects cultural goals but accepts the institutionalized means of achieving them?
ritualism
According to conflict theorists, how do those in power keep the working class and those below them from rebelling?
By ensuring that the law comes down hard on those from this group who commit crimes.
Which of the following is an example of a positive sanction?
getting a promotion for a completing a large project
In Richard Wright’s Native Son, Bigger Thomas and several of his friends, all of whom are young, underprivileged African-American males in 1940s Chicago, concoct a plot to rob a local grocer. This incident is an example of a(n) __________.
illegitimate opportunity structure
Sociologists use the term deviance to refer to any act __________.
to which people respond negatively
In which state would a resident be least likely to be a victim of a violent crime?
Maine
Most likely - Nevada
Prostitution is an example of a __________ crime.
street
Female in a low-cut shirt gets whispered about. These reactions are
negative sanctions
____ theory recognizes that an individuals reputation may set him or her on a path to conformity or deviation.
Labeling
According to sociologists, genetic predispositions are the best indicators of deviant behavior. T/F
False
_____ now incarcerates a larger share of its population than any other country in the world.
The U.S.
Most U.S. inmates are married: T/F
False
Michael Harrington argued that when colonialism fell out of style, it was replaced by __________.
Neocolonialism
Why would Karl Marx disagree with the functionalist view of social stratification?
Marx believed that members of the elite are no more qualified than other people.
How have the Most Industrialized Nations controlled many of the Least Industrialized Nations through neocolonialism?
They sell weapons on credit, and keep them in debt.
World system theory explains that global stratification came about through the __________.
birth of an industrialized society
Max Weber believed that social class had three components: property, power, and __________.
prestige
According to Karl Marx, what do the bourgeoisie have that the proletarians do not have?
means of production
A company headquartered in Denmark builds its product in Senegal using supplies from Brazil. This is an example of __________.
Globalization of capitalism
Until recently, countries that were not industrialized capitalist nations or communist (or socialist) nations were labeled the __________ World.
third
Stifling criticism as a means to maintain power __________.
is accomplish through use of fear
Which of the following variables formed the basis of the only example of a caste system ever present in U.S. history?
race
Which form of economic system is most closely linked with wealthier nations?
