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aggregation
formation of clumps
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agranulocytes
leukocytes that do have granules within the cytoplasm, include lymphocytes & monocytes
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anaphylaxis
- in blood transfusion
- sensitivity to donor plasma proteins.
- infusion of IgA proteins to IgA-deficient recipient who has developed IgA antibody
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anaplasia
- Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors.
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anemia
reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood
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antigens
any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response
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antimetabolite
a drug or other substance that is an antagonist to or resembles a normal human metabolite and interferes with its function in the body, usually by competing for its receptors or enzymes
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aplastic anemia
a disease in which the pt has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease of all blood cell types-RBCs, WBCs, & platelets) & hypocellular bone marrow
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bacteremia
invasion of bloodstream by bacteria
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blast cells
blood cells in early stage of development
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benign
not malignant, favorable for recovery
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carcinogens
any substances that cause cancer
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carcinoma
malignant epithelial tumor
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cyst
an abnormal closed epithelium-lined cavity in the body, containing liquid or semisolid material.
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cytology
the study of cells, their origin, structure, function, and pathology.
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DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
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dissemination
the spread of pernicious process
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dysplasia
alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells
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ecchymosis
a hemorrhagic spot, larger than a petechia, in the skin or mucous membrane, forming a flat, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch.
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effusion
The escape of fluid from the blood vessels or lymphatics into the tissues or a cavity
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endogenous
produced, orginated within an organism, tissue, cell
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erythrocytopenia
a deficiency or decrease in number of erythrocytes.
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erythropoiesis
formation or production of RBCs
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glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
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granulocytes
leukocytes that have granules within the cytoplasm
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hematocrit
the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs
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hemoglobin
the oxygen-carrying protein, give the red color of the RBCs
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hemolysis
destruction of RBCs by monocytes & macrophages removes abnormal, defective, damaged, & old RBCs from circulation
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hemostasis
a sequence of responses to stop blood loss from a damaged blood vessel. Three mechanisms are involved: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.
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histology
study of minute structure of tissues and organs in relation to their function.
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leukopenia
reduction of the number of leukocytes in the blood below about 5000/uL
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lymphangiogram
the film produced by lymphangiography
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lymphocytes
a kind of agranulocytes, major combatants in immune responses
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malaise
a vague feeling of discomfort
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monocytes
a type of agranulocytes, take longer to reach a site of infection than do neutrophils, but they arrive in large numbers. Upon their arrival, monocytes enlarge and differentiate into wandering macrophages, which phagocytize many more microbes than can neutrophils. They also clean up cellular debris following an infection.
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nadir
The lowest value of blood counts after chemotherapy.
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neoplasm
tumor; any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. Neoplasms may be benign or malignant.
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neutrophils
a type of WBCs, active in phagocytosis, respond most quickly to tissue destruction by bacteria. After engulfing a pathogen during phagocytosis, a neutrophil unleashes several destructive chemicals to destroy the ingested pathogen.
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occult
not visible, or easily detected
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oncogene
A gene that causes the transformation of normal cells into cancerous tumor cells, especially a viral gene that transforms a host cell into a tumor cell.
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oncogenesis
formation, production of tumors
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oncology
the study of tumors
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pallor
paleness of the skin
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pancytopenia
a marked reduction of RBCs, WBCs, platelets in the blood
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plasma
the watery straw-colored fluid part of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended
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platelets
are thrombocytes, initiate the clotting process by producing an initial platelet plug in the early phases of clotting process
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purpura
A large, purplish-red circle on the skin. Caused by the leakage of blood out of a vessel and under the skin. medium size, larger than pinpoint petechiae but smaller than ecchymosis
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rad
abbreviation for radiation absorbed dose.
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radiation
energy transmitted by waves through space or through some medium; usually referring to electromagnetic radiation, when used without a modifier
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reticulocyte
an immature erythrocyte
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reverse isolation
use of protective equipment is required to prevent transmission of infection to the patient. Handwashing, gowning, gloving, sterilization, or disinfection of materials brought into the area and other details of housekeeping vary with the reason for the isolation and the usual practices of the hospital.
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septicemia
blood poisoning; systemic disease associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood
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stomatitis
Inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth, which may involve the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth
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thrombocytes
another name for platelets
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thrombocytopenia
a reduction of platelets below 150,00/uL
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