Patient Care Ch 12,15, 16 last test

Oral Meds are absorbed through the ____, whereas injected meds are absorbed through the ___,____,_____, or _____

When meds are injected _____, no absorption is needed

Drugs travel through the circulatory system to its receptor site and then connect with the molecular structure for which it was designed for, this is called

Which process depends on adequate circulation?

Drugs act more quickly in organs with an abundant blood supply like,

Most metabolism happens in the _____, where enzymatic action transforms a drug into ____ that can excreted via intestines or kidneys

What are the chief organs of excretion?

If kidney function is impaired or if the patient is dehydrated, drugs can be retained in the body and a ____ effect can occur

Generic names identify the

___or___ are given by the manufacturer

____ is a substance that alters physiologic function, with the potential to affect health

____ is a drug administered for its therapeutic effects

Science of drugs, including sources, chemistry, and actions of drugs is

Each drug has 4 separate names

Resources for drugs are

What is the way in which drugs affect the body

Each drug has a unique ____enabling it to interact with a specific enzyme or a corresponding cell type

The drug attaches itself to a target site in the body called a

The combined effect alters the behavior of the targeted cells and causes ____ changes in the patient

What is a way that drugs travel through the body to their appropriate receptor sites

Most of the time, the drugs travel in ____

Every drug must be ____ in the blood stream to be effective

Dosage and speed of absorption depends on factors such as

Some drugs need to combine with ____ or ____

____ is the process by which the body alters the chemical composition of a substance

The ___ detoxifies foreign substances entering the body and changes them into a water soluble substance that can excreted by the ____

____ is when the body excretes drugs and their by-products through the what 7 things

Rate of excretion depends on

Patient related variables for doses are what 5 things

Younger children require ____ of a dose and ____ is used for calculation

Older patients require ____ because decrease in efficiency of organs and slowing of circulation. ___ and ____ become imparied

Average dose is based on ____ adults

Women have a lower average body weight than men and ____ drugs differently

Women's ___ and the amt and distribution of ___ and the difference in ___ alter the metabolism

____ can alter the way a patient reacts to drugs, positive and negatively.

Drug related variables (9)

____ are expected reactions to medication

____ are unexpected and can range from mild to severe

In allergic reactions, the drug acts as an ____ and the body develops ____ to that drug

AN allergic reaction can range from

____ is when a body adapts to a drug and requires greater doses to achieve the desired effect

____ develops if the body is unable to detoxify and unable to excrete a drug quickly enough or if too large a dose is taken. the drugs then accumulate in the ____ and become ____

____ is inexplicable and unpredicted symptoms caused by a genetic defect in the patient

____ is when you have had extensive exposure to the drug

_____ occurs when 2 or more drugs or a combo of food and drugs can create + and  - effects

___ results from long term use of a drug that damages organs or causes other disorders over time

____ are the 6 rights of administering medications

Therapists should know ___ of emergency supplies and the way to administer ____ and ____

Examples of emergency situations are

In case of emergency what would a therapist do

what do Analgesics do

____ suppresses sensation of feeling

____ is a mild tranquilizer that helps calm anxious pts and relieves muscle spasms

____ suppresses growth of bacteria

___ prevents blood from clotting

____ inhibit or control seizures

____ are mood controllers

____ control GI distress

____ prevent nausea and vomiting

____ treat fungal infections

____ treats allergies

____ lower blood pressure

____ is chemotherapy

____ enhances internal tissues for diagnostic imaging

Examples of contrast media

____ reduces inflammation

___ remove fluid from cells

_____ used to augment (increase) endocrine secretions

_____ relieves pain

____ is used in nuclear medicine exams

____ induce sleep or unconsciousness

what are the 2 categories of contrast media

____ will appear white on xrays

What will appear dark on xrays

The higher the ____ the more absorption, like bone

____ is the commonly used contrast agent in the GI tract. ____ is used in the esophagus

Barium can be delivered ___ or ____ and can cause ___ and ____ but cannot be used if

_____are iodide atoms that attach to water-soluble carrier molecules and dispatch to areas of the body. the atoms displace ___in the cells and ___ xray protons in those regions

_____ -  the atoms splits into a + and - charged particle when it comes in contact with body fluids. With so many particles in the blood stream absorbing water, the ____ is affected

_____- the atoms do not split therefore not causing as many problems with patients

____ is used in CT and MRI to inject the patient with contrast

The contrast media is quickly absorbed and metabolized by the ____

What are minor reactions to contrast

What are moderate reactions to contrast

What are severe reactions to contrast

____ taken by mouth and slowly absorbed into blood stream

Taking medicine via ____, are less potent but longer lasting than injected meds

Suppository, inhalation of a medication mist, gargling, or dissolved under the tongue are examples of

____ is when transdermal patches are applied directly to the skin

_____ is drug administration by injection

_____ is an injection between the layers of the skin

____ is a 45-90 degree into the subcutaneous layer just below the skin

_____ is a 90 degree injection into the muscle

____is an injection directly into the blood stream

_____ is injected directly into the spinal cord

____ is injected directly into the trachea

____ is an injection directly into the brain

Needles are measured by gauge, the smaller the gauge, the ____ the diameter of the needle

What are the 3 methods of IV delivery

IV solution should be 18-20" ___ the level of the vein

a.c.

bid

h

h.s.

IM

IV

mL

p.c.

PO

p.r.n.

q

q3h

qh

qid

qod

stat

SQ/SC

tid

____ is when the vein cannot absorb the fluid quick enough and there is leakage around the injection site

____ contrast media is injected into the tissue of the vein

____ can be caused from electrolyte imbalance, edema, speed shock from too fast delivery, drug incompatibility, clotting, and phlebitis

What should be on an emergency crash cart

Can you remove something from the crash cart for routine use

____ is placement of any tube. It is most commonly placed in ___

____ is the surgical opening through the anterior of the neck into the trachea

____ is the mechanical respirator device powered by compressed air that controls the respiratory rate, volume, and o2 contrast

O2 is usually delivered ___ per min

___ occurs when the heart and rep function stop functioning. It ___ reversible

___ occurs 2-4 min after clinical death and ___ reversible. major brain and organ damage

____ difficulty breathing caused by bronchospasm

Signs of respiratory distress include

____ is insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle that results from coronary disease

____ is a heart attack. Cardiac arteries become occluded and a portion of the heart wall becomes ischemic

____ are when coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart muscle with sufficient O2

____ is a machine that administers electric shock to correct an ineffectual cardiac rhythm

What is an AED

___ is the general term used to describe a failure of ciruculation in which BP is inadequate to support O2 perfusion of vital tissues and is unable to remove them by products of ____

What are the 4 types of shock

____ is when large amts of blood or plasma are lost (hemorrhage)

____ is a massive infection that produces toxins that increase capillary permeability and drops BP quickly

____ is a failure of arterial resistance, causing blood pooling in the peripheral vessels

____ is cardiac failure

___ is when a pt is exposed to substance to which they are sensitive

What are the symptoms of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis

____ is a very mild form of shock that occurs with fright, pain or an unpleasant event.

Shock symptoms

2 types of diabetes

____ is induced by problems with the kidneys or the pituitary that cause glucose to be excreted in the urine while blood glucose levels remain normal

Symptoms for diabetes insipidus are

____ (hyperglycemia) is the inability to metabolize blood glucose

Insulin is produced in the ___ in response to food intake

insufficient insulin prevents the use of glucose by the ____. In response, the body wall break down fat or muscle causing ____ to build up in body

Symptoms of diabetes mellitus

___ occurs when pts take insulin but no food. Blood sugar become low.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

If a hypoglycemic pt has an episode and they are conscious, you should ____, but if they are unconscious you can ___

____ is a term for interruption of blood supply to the brain

What can cause a CVA

A CVA can be ___ to ____

Warning signs for a CVA

If someone is suffering from a CVA, you should

___ is local or generalized brain function or disturbance

If a pt is having this type of siezure, do not restrain them, but keep items that can injure them away and if they are on the table, just keep the from falling

Seizures with brief loss of consciousness

____ is a nosebleed. when this happens, just hold firmly against the nasal septum for 10 minutes. do NOT have them