APEN 50 Key "isms"

doctrine that we live in an irrational universe

doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena

doctrine that all governments should be abolished

attribution of human qualities to non-human things

doctrine of the rejection of moral law

doctrine that self-denial of the body permits spiritual enlightenment

belief that there is no God

belief that the universe consists of small indivisible particles

the state of being composed of members of two parties or of two parties cooperating

doctrine that private ownership and free markets should govern economies

adherence to a middle-of-the-road position; neither left now right (in politics)

doctrine of communal control of means of production

a theory or system in which all property is owned by all of the people equally, with its administration vested by them in the state or in the community

belief in maintaining political and social traditions

belief in God but rejection of religion

doctrine that events are predetermined by preceding events or laws

doctrine that the universe is controlled by one good and one evil force

belief that humans ought to be equal in rights and privileges

doctrine that the pursuit of self-interest is the highest good

doctrine that the experience of the senses is the only source of knowledge

doctrine of individual human responsibility in an unfathomable universe

a political philosophy that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

doctrine that events are fixed and humans are powerless

belief in the liberation of women in society to a social stature equal to that of men

belief that freedom derives solely from knowledge

belief that pleasure is the highest good

belief that human interests and mind are paramount

policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations

belief that individual interest and rights are paramount

doctrine that personal liberty is the highest value

the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change, and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism

belief that matter is the only extant substance

belief in only one God

denial of all reality; extreme skepticism

a philosophical system founded by Ayn Rand, being one of several doctrines holding that all reality is objective and external to the mind and that knowledge is reliably based on observed objects and events

belief that the universe is God, that God is revealed in nature

belief in multiple deities

doctrine that that which is not observable is not knowable

doctrine emphasizing practical value of philosophy

the principles and practices of those advocating progress, change, or reform, especially in political matters

the holding or following of principles advocating drastic political, economic, or social reforms

belief that reason is the fundamental source of knowledge

the concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs

doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itself

doctrine that true knowledge is always uncertain

doctrine of centralized state control of wealth and property

theory that self-existence is the only certainty

belief in indifference to pleasure or pain

theory that emphasizes that which transcends perception

belief that utility of actions determines moral value and that the goal of human conduct is happiness