Ecology- Biology

Behavior that has a genetic basis and does not need to be taught

Automatic response to a stimulus

Instinctual response that occurs when an organism is threatened. The body prepares the organism to stay & fight or flee.

Ways of attracting mates through sounds, sight or smell

Behavior that allows animals to occupy & dominate a specific area

Helps to prevent some animals from using limited resources. Often involves a specific area or territory.

Social structure among a group of animals in which one is dominant and the others have subordinate positions.

Daily/24 hour cycles. (Sleep cycle)

Seasonal cycles that involves movement of animals from one area to another.

A state of inactivitiy in animals, with lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rte which conserves energy.

Similar to hibernation, but during the months of the summer.

The response of an organism moving away or towards something

Must be observed or taught to acquire the behavior.

Learning to ignore a stimulus

A complex response that is a combination of iinate and learned behaviors.

Forces and influences that drive an individual to achieve certain goals

Act of associating one stimulus with another

Most complex learned bahavior. Ability to problem solve or to perform a correct or appropriate behavior the first tim the animal is exposed to a situation.

Passing of information from one organism to another with sight, sound touch or chemical sigal (phenomes)

arning to behave through repeated practice in order to receive a reward or avoid a punishment.

he study of interactions among organisms and with their environment.

refers to the parts of the earth where you will find life

Living

Non-living

Group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

Group of individuals in the same species that live in the same area.

Different populations living in the same area.

Collection of organisms (biotic) in a particular area and the non living parts of their environment

What are the 3 methods field ecologists use to study organisms?

Organisms attempt to use the SAME resources

One organism HUNTS and PREYS on another

Two species living closely with each other

What are 3 examples of symbiotic relationships?

both species benefit from the relationship

one species benefits, and the other is not affected.

One species benefits and the other is harmed

Organisms that produce their own food (producers)

Organisms that eat other things to obtain energy (consumers)

Organisms that eat plants

Organisms that eat animals

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

Organisms that break down dead things to obtain energy

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

What do arrows in a food web represent?

Each level ina food web. It begins with the producers and works up to the top level consumers.

How much energy is passed between each trophic level?

What happenes to the energy that is not passed on to the next trophic level.

Typically there are only four trophic levels. What are these four levels starting with the largest (bottom)?

Knowing that matter is recycled, explain how carbon is recycled during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Due in part to the disrution of the carbon cycle. CO2, methane, water vapor and other gases trap heat in the atmosphere resulting in the surface of the Earth being warmer. Heat from the sun passes through the atmosphere, hits the Earth, is radiated back into the atmosphere but cannot all escape to space.

What has the greenhouse effect led to?

What are four factors that affect population size?

Factors that affect all populations regardless of population size (ex: floods)

Factors that affect the population size when the population density reaches a certain level (Ex: competition, disease)

Individuals reproduce at a constant rate and there are no limits on population growth

A populations growth stops or slows after a period of exponential growht; there are limits plces on the growth of the population.

maximum number of species in the population that the environment that the environment can support.

Shows males versus females and how many individuals are alive at specific age ranges.

What does the age-structure diagram of an underdeveloped country look like?

Concentration of a polluatant in organisms increases as the pollutant moves through the levels of a food chain.