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allele
alternate gene form
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karyotype
chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest pairs
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monosomy
cells with only one chromosome
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mutation
variation in a gene affecting function
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polymorphism
common gene variation
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polyploidy
cell with an added set of chromosomes
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somatic cell
body cells other than germ cells
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teratogen
agent that causes or increases the risk for a birth defect
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translocation
all or part of a chromosome attached to anotehr
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trisomy
one extra chromosome present in each body cell
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autosomal recessive
must receive copy from both parents; no sex difference
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autosomal dominant
may receive copy from either parent; no sex difference
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X-linked recessive
because females are carriers, child receives abnormal gene from mother; males affected because because they don't have compensating normal X chromosome; affected fathers will pass on abnormal genes to daughters, who become carriers, but not to their sons
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amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
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chloasma
mask of pregnancy
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hyperemia
excess of blood in a part of the body
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multigravida
a woman who has been pregnant more than once
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physiologic anemia of pregnancy
fall in hct that occurs because plasma volume expands more than RBC volume
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striae gravidarum
irregular reddish streaks caused by tears in connective tissue; "stretch marks"
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ambivalence
conflicting emotinos
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couvade
pregnancy-related rituals experienced by some prospective fathers
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introversion
inward concentration
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mimicry
copying the behavior of others
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narcissism
preoccupation with self
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role transition
changing from one pattern of behavior to another
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weeks uterus can be palpated above symphysis pubis
12
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weeks fundus can be palpated about halfway between symphysis pubis and umbilicus
16
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weeks fundus is at level of umbilicus
20
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weeks fundus is at xiphoid process
36
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Chadwick's sign
bluish color that often extends to vagina and labia; caused by hyperemia
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Goodell's sign
cervical, uterine, and vaginal softening with increased vascularity and softening of the connective tissue
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mucous plug
plug caused by increased secretion of mucus from cervical glands that block ascent of bacteria from vagina
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bloody show
mixture of cervical mucus and a small amount of blood; disruption of mucus plug and small capillaries of cervix
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supine hypotensive syndrome
lying in supine position places heavy uterus over aorta and inferior vena cava, which temporarily occludes these vessels
s/s include faintness, lightheadedness, dizziness, agitatino and sometimes unconciousness
this position can reduce placental blood flow
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What should nurse do to prevent or relieve supine hypotension syndrome?
position woman on her side or with pillow under 1 hip
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weeks it is possible to find FHR with Doppler
9
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how is Nagele's rule calculated?
subtract 3 months and add 7 days from LMP
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gynecologic age
number of years since onset of mentruation
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heme iron
iron form most usable by body; obtained from meath, poultry and fish
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kilocalorie
measure of teh energy value of food
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lactovegetarian
vegetarian who includes milk products in the diet
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lacto-ovovegetarian
vegetarian who includes milk and eggs in diet
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ovovegetarian
vegetarian who inclues eggs in diet
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pica
ingestion of nonfood substance
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nonheme iron
iron form less usable by body; obtained from plants
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nutrient density
quality of the protein, vitamins, and minerals per 100 calories
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vegetarian
one whose diet is primarily plant foods and who avoids animal foods
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vegan
one who eats no animal products
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normal (BMI 25-29.9) pregnancy weight gain
25-35 lbs
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BMI <18.5 pregnancy weight gain
28-40 lbs
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BMI >30 pregnancy weight gain
at least 11 lbs
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general guideline for pregnancy weight gain is _____ during the 1st trimester
0.5-2 kg (1.1-4.4 lbs)
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general guideline for pregnancy weight gain per week after 1st trimester
0.35-0.5kg (0.8-1 lb)
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kcal/day more woman should take in after early pregnancy
340
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daily prepregnancy protein average need
46g
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protein needed during pregnancy
71g daily
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calcium supplement is best taken ________
with food
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food high in ______ may enhance absorotion of iron
vit C
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amniotomy
artificial rupture of the amniotic sac
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attitude
relationship of fetal body parts to one another
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crowning
appearance of the fetal presenting part at teh vaginal opening
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EDD
estimated date of delivery
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engagement
descent of widest fetal presenting parto to zero presentation
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molding
change in the shape of the fetal head during birth
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nuchal cord
umbilical cord around fetal neck
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station
measurement of descent of the fetal presenting part
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why should nurse regularly check woman's bladder during labor?
full bladder increases pain and interferes with fetal descent
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most common variations in fetal lie
- longitudinal (common)
- transverse (rare)
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most common variations in fetal attitude
- flexion (common)
- extention (rare)
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most common variation in fetal presentation
- cephalic (common)
- breech
- shoulder (rare)
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fetal anatomic reference point for vertex presentation
occiput
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fetal anatomic reference point for face presentation
chin
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fetal anatomic reference point for breech presentation
sacrum
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cm dilated in latent phase
up to 3cm
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cm dilated in active phase
4-7
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cm dilated in transition phase
8-10 or complete
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4 signs suggesting placenta has been separated
- 1. uterus has spherical shape
- 2. uterus rises upward in abd
- 3. cord descends further from vagina
- 4. gush of blood
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when a nurse should NOT perform vaginal exam
when actively bleeding (not bloody show) because exam may increase bleeding
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important nusing assessments when ROM occurs
- time
- spontaneous vs artificial
- quantity
- FHR for at least 1 minute
- color
- odor
- other characteristics of amniotic fluid
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immediate nursing care of newborn
- supporting cardiopulmonary and thermoregulatory function
- placing ID bracelet
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focus of nursing care for mother during 4th stage of labor
- observing for hemorrhage
- relieving discomfort
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