-
Sensory information changed into a usable form to enter short-term memory in the process of
encoding
-
Which of the following refers to memories for skills such as tying your shoe laces?
procedural
-
Which statement about LTM is true?
it is relatively permanent, it has a finite capacity
-
Multiple choice tests utilize which kind of memory retrieval?
recognition
-
An essay test would require which type of retrieval?
recall
-
Allison can remember her current phone number but has forgotten the phone number at her last residence. This is considered an example of
retroactive interference
-
Learning alters the ______ of brain cells.
activity,structure,chemistry
-
Which part of the brain seems responsible for the formation of permanent memories?
hypothalamus
-
Forgetting because we never really formed the memory in the first place is termed
encoding failure
-
A fleeting visual image that remains for about half a second after the original stimulus is gone is an
icon
-
The first potential cause of forgetting that may occur is
encoding failure
-
To quality as repression, forgetting must be
unconscious
-
Which of the following is not considered a part of long term memory?
echoic memory
-
Chunking helps to increase the capacity of which of the following
STM
-
Procedural memory includes which of the following?
tying shoes,driving a car,riding a bike
-
______ memory seems to have an almost unlimited capacity for storage.
LTM
-
Middle items are neither held in STM nor moved to LTM. This statement explains the
Serial position of effect
-
Mnemonic techniques are used to help
remember information
-
One method that should NOT be used when studying for an exam is
massed practice
-
STM can hold how many items at one time
seven plus or minus 2
-
T or F
Sensory memory last for a few minutes.
False
-
T or F
Selective attention influences what information enters STM.
True
-
LTM is relatively permanent as we tend to update,change,lose,or revise our old memories.
True
-
T or F
Tests of recognition require verbatim memory.
False
-
T or F
The presence of memory cues almost always improves memory.
True
-
T or F
Unconsciously forgetting painful memories is called negative transfer.
False
-
T or F
Retrograde amnesia is a gap in memories of events preceding a head injury.
True
-
T or F
Enhancing memory is now possible by taking a memory pill.
False
-
T or F
Massed practice is almost always superior to spaced practice.
False
-
T or F
People with damage to the hippocampus typically cannot remember events that occurred before the damage.
True
-
T or F
Repression is the forgetting unconsciously of painful or traumatic memories.
True
-
T or F
Episodic memories are created at emotionally significant times.
True
-
T or F
Failure to encode information is a common cause of forgetting.
True
-
T or F
Flashbulb memories tend to form when an event is surprising or emotional.
True
-
T or F
Recall and recognition are used to measure memories.
True
-
T or F
The cerebellum has no part in the storing of memories.
False
-
T or F
Incoming information must be encoded before it is stored in memory.
True
-
T or F
ECS may affect both STM and LTM.
True
-
T or F
Elaborative rehearsal is a more effective way to retain information in STM before being stored in LTM.
True
-
T or F
The hippocampus is a brain structure associated with consolidation of memories.
True
-
LTM
stores memories permanently
-
Sensory
selective attention
-
-
Which is not one of the three basic units of thought?
prototype
-
Concepts that are defined by the presence of two or more features are called
conjunctive
-
Which of the following refers to concepts such as 'larger','above',and 'left'?
relational
-
All of the following are considered faulty conceptualization?
social stereotyping, all or nothing thinking,prototypical thinking
-
Which aspect of language is violated by the English sentence, "I to School go".?
syntax
-
ASL
is a true language,stands for American Sign Language, is a gestural language
-
Trial and error learning is an example of
a mechanical solution
-
Which term refers to a strategy that is a "rule of thumb"?
heuristic
-
Which common barrier to problem solving includes functional fixedness?
learned barriers
-
In creative thinking,______is the total number of suggestions you are able to make.
fluency
-
Brainstorming is a creativity technique in which
producing and evaluating ideas are kept separate.
-
Synaesthesia is an unusual form of
imagery
-
The Anagrams Test measures
divergent thinking
-
A consequences test is one used to
test one's creativity
-
Experts are better problem solvers because they
have more acquired strategies
-
T or F
Creative people have an openness to experience and they have a wide range of knowledge and interests.
True
-
T or F
Images are generalized ideas of a class of related objects or events.
False
-
T or F
Experiencing color sensations while listening to music is an example of mental rotation.
False
-
T or F
Classifying things as absolutely right or wrong may lead to all-or-nothing thinking.
True
-
T or F
Encoding is the study of the meanings of language.
False
-
T or F
An algorithm is a learned set of rules for language.
False
-
T or F
Functional fixedness is an inability to see new uses for familiar objects.
True
-
T or F
In inductive thinking, a general rule is inferred from specific examples.
True
-
T or F
Learned barriers lead to functional fixedness.
True
-
T or F
Originality is defined as having unusual and novel solutions.
True
-
The global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment describes
intelligence
-
Aptitude tests can be both _______ and _______.
special and multiple
-
The SAT is which type of aptitude test
Multiple
-
Reliability only refers to which of the following?
Intelligence tests,aptitude tests,psychometric tests
-
The five cognitive factors that make up the Stanford-Benet-5 are which of the following
Knowledge,Fluid reasoning,working memory
-
The first group intelligence test was which of the following?
Army alpha
-
Average intelligence is usually described as a score of
90-109
-
Intelligence quotients are found by
dividing mental age by chronological age times 100
-
Validity of tests refers to
The ability of a test to measure what it purports to measure
-
IQ tests are not dependable until about age
6
-
Gifted children are identified by
High IQ or special talents or aptitudes
-
The levels of intellectual disability depends on an IQ range. The mild range is
50-55 to 70
-
The disorder that causes moderate to severe intellectual disability and is caused by an extra 21st chromosome is called
Down's syndrome
-
Fluid intelligence is the intelligence that can process problems faster and has more rapid insight. After middle age, what occurs?
Fluid intelligence declines
-
T or F
Twin studies prove that heredity is more important than environment in IQ scores.
False
-
T or F
Identical twins are those that develop from a single egg and have identical genes.
True
-
T or F
Early childhood educational programs were designed for upper-class preschoolers.
False
-
T or F
Metacognitive skills are those that help a person manage their own thinking and problem solving efforts.
True
-
T or F
Multiple intelligence's, as defined by Howard Gardener include such intelligences as language,logic,math,music,etc.
True
-
T or F
Reflective intelligence is the speed in which a person can mentally process info.
False
-
T or F
Males and females differ greatly in their abilities on a general intelligence test.
False
-
T or F
Mental age is the average mental ability displayed by people of a given age.
True
-
T or F
Visual-spatial processing involves putting picture puzzles together and reproducing patterns.
True
-
T or F
A general intelligence test measures a wide variety of mental abilities.
True
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