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What are the four types of tissues?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous
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What are tissues?
Tissues are a group of similar cells that usually have a common embryonic origin that function together to carry out specialized activities.
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What are Epithelial Tissues
They from barriers to protect exposed surfaces. They line the insides of body cavities and organs like intestines and hear, also forms glands
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What are connective tisses?
Not just muscles and tendons but basically all tissues that provide support (skeleton) and fill space (fat)
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What are muscle tissues?
They provide support, movement and heat generation.
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Are epithelial cells polar or nonpolar?
Polar
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What do epithelial cells "top" layer function as?
A functional surface, the top surface contain cilia/microvilli
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What is epithelial bottom?
Where most of organelles are clustered.
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What is the inner surface of epithelial connective tissue connected to?
basement membrane
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How many layers does the basement membrane have?
They have two layers.
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What are the two layers of the epithelial tissues?
- Basal Lamina
- Reticular Lamina
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What are the functions of Epithelial tissues?
- Protection
- Provides structure for sendory nerves
- Secretory
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What are the six classes of Epithelial tissues?
- Simple Squamous
- Simple cuboidal
- Simple Columnar
- Startified Squamous
- Stratified Cuboidal
- Stratified Columnar
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What are the two types of simple squamous cells?
- Mesothelium- lines the ventral cavity
- Endothelium- lines the heart/ blood vessels
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Where are simple squamous cells found? Function?
In the lungs, allow for diffusion and filteration
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Where are simple cuboidal epithelium cells found? Function?
Secretion and Absorption; Kidneys and Salvatory glands. Rarest kind.
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Where are Simple columnar epithelium found? Function?
Absorbsion and secretion, intestine and stomach
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Where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium cells found? Function?
Secretion- trachea, respiratory tract
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Where are stratified squamous epithelium cells found? Function?
Protects and is found keratinized in the skin.
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Where are where are stratified cuboidal cells found? Function?
They are the most rare. They are for protection and is are in sweat glands
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Where are stratifies columnar cells found? Function?
Protection and secretion and found in the male urethra and pharynx
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Where are Transitional epithelium cells found? Function?
Stretches, bladder, you can notice it cause the cell shapes change
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What are the two categories of glands?
- Endocrine ( ductless glands)
- Exocrine (secretes hormones)
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What are globlet cells?
A single cell mucus gland
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How many different functional cassifications of exocrine glands? What are their names? Functions?
- There are three.
- Merocine secretion- product released by exocytosis ( most common type)
- Apocrine secretion- top part of cell pinches of rest of cell repairs itself and repeates the process.
- Holocrine secretion- cell explodes which causes pimples
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What are the most common connective tissues
Bone, Fat, Blood
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What are the functions of connective tissues?
Connective and support stuctures of body.
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What is ground substance?
connective tissues are defined by specialied cells withen a matrix of extracellular protein fibers and filter fluid
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What does "blasts" mean?
A baby cell
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What are chondroblasts?
they secrete cartolages
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What are osteoblasts?
They secrete bone matrix
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What are fibroblast?
they make most other tissue
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Whats associated with ground substance (found in connective tissues)?
- Glycosminoglycans= sugars
- Proteoglycans= proteins
- Hyaluronic acid
- Together with protein fibers+ matrix = biological glue
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What are the functions of connective tissues?
- Structual framework
- Support, protection for organs (kidneys)
- Energy reserves- lipids
- Defense - immune system
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What are adipocytes?
Fat cells (connective tissues)
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What are melanocytes
They are the cells that give you colour/ pigment.
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What are fibroblasts. What are the three types
- Cell types that secretes its matrix
- Collagen-very ropy and strong
- Reticular- forms stroma of organs (grape looking)
- Elastin-Helps strech and recoil
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What are menchymal cells?
undifferenciated precurser cells to fibroblasts, macrophange and other connective tissue cell.
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What are the carious cells of the immune system
Macrophage, Microphages, lymphocytes, and mast cells
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What are macrophages
A cell of the immunce system. They are Fixed or free. They eat foreign substances. 1st line of defense.
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What are Microphages
A cell of the immunce system. Smaller phagocytic cells
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What are lymphocytes?
Plamsa cells that produce antibodies. A cell of the immunce system.
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What are mast cells?
A cell of the immunce system. they contain histamine and heparine- they cause inflammation.
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What are loose connective tissues? Which are they?
- They are a connective tissue. they are a shock absober and also 3d structure for soft organs
- 1- Stoma is composed of teticular tissue
- 2- Areolar tissue which makes the layer between skin and underlying muscle
- 3- Adipose tissue- for lipid storage and heat generation
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What are the dense connective tissues (2 types)
- They are mainly collagen
- Dense and Irregular.
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What is loose regular connective tissue?
- Fibers arranged in parallel and have strength in primary in one direction.
- ex. tendon (muscle to bone) Ligaments (bone-bone)
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What is irregular connective tissue?
An interwoven net of give strengh in all direction
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What is connective tissue proper?
Thoes types of cells which live and function in extracellular matrix.
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What fluid connective tissue?
Distinct cell propulation in fluid matrix (blood, lymph) Aalso have suspended proteins - soluble, not fibrous (RBC's, WBC's and Platelets)
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What are RBC's
Erythrocytes
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What is white blood cells
Leukocytes
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What are platelets
The thing in blood that isnt RBC or WBCs
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Which are the supporting connective tissues?
Bone and Cartilage.
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What is cartilage?
- Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) in think gel of proteoglycans
- There are three types
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What are the three types of cartilages?
- Elastic- nose ear epiglottis, lots elastin fibers (heals slowly)
- Hyaline Cartilages (ends of long bones, nose larynx, trachea and fetal)
- Fibrocartilage- little ground substance and lots of collagen
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