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instinct Theory
William McDougall; innate tendencies that determine behavior.
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Drive-Reduction theory
have a drive that meets a specific need
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need
biological or psychological requirement of organism
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drive
a state of tension produced by a need that motivates an organism toward a goal
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Incentive Theory
an external stimulus, reinforcer, or reward motivates behavior
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Dan Pink video
Autonomy, Mastery, Purpose
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Autonomy
urge to direct our own life
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Mastery
Desire to get better and better at something that matters
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Purpose
Yearning to do what we do because it matters
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Lateral Hypothalamus
The part of the hypothalamus that produces hunger signals
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Ventromedial Hypothalamus
the part of the hypothalamus that can cause one to stop eating
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Fundamenal needs(Maslow's hierarchy of Needs)
- physiological needs: satisfy hunger, thirst
- Safety needs: feel secure, safe, out of danger
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Psychological needs(Maslow's hierarchy of needs)
- Belongingness & love needs: affillate w/ others
- esteem needs: achieve, be competent, gain approval
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Self-Actualization Needs(Maslow's hierarchy of needs)
the need to fulfill one's unique potential
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James-Lange theory
Physiological response>conscious thought>expressive behavior ""i'm afraid because i'm shaking"
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Schacter Singer
Physiological response<>Cognitive Label>Expressive Behaviors>Conscious Behavior "This thing is dangerous, and that makes me afraid"
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Common sense theory
conscious thought>Physiological Response>Expresive Behavior "I'm shaking and i'm scared"
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Cannon-Bard
Physiological response<>Conscious thought>Expressive Behaviors "I'm shaking an dfeeling afraid at the same time"
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Facial Feedback Theory
Muscles in face move>brain interprets muscles movement>you feel an emotion>you demonstrate observable behavior
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Test reliability
the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions
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test validity
the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
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Test-retest(measure of test reliability)
taking the same test multiple times and getting the same score than it's reliabile
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interscorer(measure of test reliability)
the score you receive depends more on the grader than you
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scorer(measure of test reliability)
same teacher grades papers at different times may score same paper differently
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spilt-half(measure of test reliability)
divide test into two parts and score each part separate then if the scores are the same then the test is reliabile
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predictability(measure of test validity)
test what it's suppose to test
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percentile system
ranking of test scores that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score
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norms
standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large well defined groups of people
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Two-factor theory
the ability to acquire new ideas and new behaviors; and to adapt to new situations
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Gardners multiple intelligences
Body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, linguistic/verbal, logical-mathmatical, musical, naturalist, spatial
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Body-Kinesthetic(Gardner multiple intell.)
ability to control movement, balance, agility, grace
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interpersonal(Gardner multiple intell.)
ability to interact and understand others and to interpret their behavior
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intrapersonal(Gardner multiple intell.)
abilit to understand and sense our "self"
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Linguistic/Verbal(Gardner multiple intell.)
ability to utilize language
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logical-mathematical(Gardner multiple intell.)
ability to mentally process logical problems and equations
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musical(Gardner multiple intell.)
ability to perform and compose music
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naturalist(Gardner multiple intel.)
ability to identify and classify patterns in nature; how we relate to our surroundings
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spatial(Gardner multiple intell.)
ability to comprehend shapes and images in three dimensions
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Sternbergs theory
triarchic theory three part theory of intelligence
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analytical(Sternberg)
(first way) ability to solve problems
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creative(Sternberg)
(second way) thinkg to problems and ability to deal with new situations
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practical(Sternberg)
(third way) thinking skills help adjust to and cope w/ one's environment
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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
groups tests into age groups to find
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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale(whats wrong)
cultural bias: wording familiar to one social group but not another
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TAT
second widely used projective test. 20 cards w/ suggestive situations
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projective test
an unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli
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Rorschach
ten inkblot designs
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Myers-Briggs
personality test four different
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Introversion/Extroversion(Myers briggs)
- Introversion>>>Thinking
- Extroversion>>>Action
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Sensing/Intuition(Myers briggs)
- Sensing>>>thinking practically
- Intuition>>>Thinking w/o knowing why
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Thinking/Feeling(Myers briggs)
- Thinking>>>Logic and rules
- Feeling>>>balance and harmony
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Judgment/Perception(Myers briggs)
- Judgment>>>settled and organized
- Perception>>>flexible and spontanious
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ID
part of unconscious contains needs, drives, instincts, repressed material
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ego
part of personality w/ reality and stives to meet demands of the id and superego
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superego
part of personality source of conscience and inhaibits the socially undesirable impulses of id
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The big five
Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability
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extraversion(Big five)
associated w/ warmth, talkiveness, energetic
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Agreeableness(Bigfive)
how agreeable you are
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Conscientiousness(big five)
how impathetic you are
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Openness to experience(Big five)
how open to change
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Emotional Stability(Big five)
how stable you are
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