-
Sulfonylureas
- Trigger insulin release via Ca+ influx by closing K+ channels
- DM II
- Release of endogenous insulin
-
Metaformin (biguanides)
- Decrease gluconeogensis
- Increase glycolysis
- Insulin Sensitizer
- Lactic Acidosis
- Contraindicated in Renal Failure
-
Glitazones / Thiazolidinediones
- Proglitazone , Rosiglitazone
- Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
- DM II
- Cardiovascular Toxicity
- Hepatotoxity
- Edema
- Weight Gain
-
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- Acarbose, Miglitol
- Delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption leads to decreases post-prandial hyperglycemia
- DM II
-
-
Exenatide (GLP-1 minimetic)
- Increase insulin
- Decrease Glucagon
Pancreatitis
-
Orlistat
- Inhibit pancreatic lipase
- Obsesity managment
Decrease fat-vitamin absorption
-
Sibutramine
- Serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor-sympathomimetic
- Obesity management
Tachycardia
-
Propylthiouracil
- Inhibit Iodide organification and coupling of thyroid synthesis
- Decrease T4 to T3 peripheral conversion
Hyperthyroid Rx
- Aplastic anemia
- Agranulocytosis
- Rash
-
Methimazole
Inhibit Iodide organification and coupling of thyroid synthesis
- Hyperthyroid Rx
- Aplastic anemia
- Agranulocytosis
- Rash
-
Levothyroxine, Trio-thyronine
Thyroxine replacement
-
Desmopression
Artificial ADH
Central DI
-
Demeclocycline
ADH Antagonist
SIADH rx
- Nephrogenic DI
- Photosensitivity
- Bone/teeth abnormality
-
Prednisone
Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, beclomethasone
Inhibits phospholipase A2 and COX-2 -> Decreases production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins
RX: addison's, asthma, etc..
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Increases neutrophil-due to less adhension to vessel call
- Decrease lymphocytes, monocytes, basophil, eosinophil
-
Anastrazole
Aromastase inhibitor-stops conversion of estrogen
RX: breast cancer
-
Ketoconazole
- Antifungal but.
- Decrease androgen synthesis
-
Trastuzumab
EGF-HER/her2 second messenger inhibitor
-
Finasteride
5-alpha reductase inhibitor to stop conversion of DHT
RX: Benign prostate hyperplasia and Baldness
Hair growth
-
B-blockers
Also blocks T4 to T3 conversion in the peripheral tissue
Does not decrease oxygen consumption of tissue
-
Leuprolide
GnRH analog
Infertility, prostate cancer
Nausea, vomitting
-
Testosterone
- Hypogonadism
- Recovery after burns
- ER positive breast cancer
- Masculinization in females
- Gonadal Atrophy
- Increased LDL
- Decreased HDL
-
Finasteride
5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
BPH, male pattern baldness
-
Flutamide
Competitive inhibitor of androgens at testosterone receptor
Prostate cancer
-
Ketoconazole
Inhibit steroid synthesis by stopping demolase
Polcystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism
Gynecomastia and amenorrhea
-
Spironolactone
Inhibit steroid binding
Polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism
Gynecomastia and amenorrhea
-
Ethinyl Estradiol
Mestranol
DES
Estrogens
- Hypogonadism
- Mentral abonormalities
- Androgen dependent prostate cancer
- Do not give in DVT
- Do not give in ER-positive breast cancer
- Endometrial cancer
- Bleeding in post-menopause
- DES causes adenocarcinoma
- Increased thrombi
-
Clomiphene
Partial Estrogen receptor agonist that prevents normal feedback and stimulate LH and FSH
Intertility and PCOS
- Hot flash
- Ovarian enlargement
- Visual disturbances
-
Tamoxifen
Estrogen antagonist on breast tissue
ER positive breast cancer
-
Raloxifen
Estrogen agonist on bone
Osteoporisis to reduce bone resorption
-
Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitor
Postmenopasual women with breast cancer
-
Exemestane
Aromatase inhibitor
Postmenopasual women with breast cancer
-
Progestin
Progesterone
- Oral contraceptive
- Endometrial cancer
- Abnormal uterine bleeding
-
Mifepreostpme
Competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptor
Terminate pregnancy. Administer with misoprostol (PGE)
Heavy bleeding, Gi effects, abdominal pain
-
Oral contraceptives
- Increases TG
- Hypercoagulable state
-
Dinoprostone
PGE2 analog
Induce labor by causing cervical dilation and uterine contraction
-
Ritodrine
B2-agonist
Prevent premature uterine contraction by relaxing uterus
-
Tamsulosin
Selective Alpha-1-AD-antagonist on prostate
Treat BPH by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction
-
Sildenafil
Vardenafil
Inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase therefore increasing cGMP causing smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum with increased blood flow
Erectile dysfunction
Contraindicated in people taking Nitrates due to life threatening hypotension.
- Flushing
- Dyspepsia
- Impaired blue-green color vision
-
Hydralazine
- Increase cGMP
- Aterioles>veins
- Afterload reduction
- Hypertension of pregnancy
- Give along with B-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia
Lupus like syndrome
-
Minoxidil
- K+ channel opener
- Hyper-polarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Severe Hypertension
- Hypertrichosis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Reflex Tachy
-
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Block calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscles
- Vascular smooth muscle-Nifedipine
- Heart-verapamil ("verrapamil=ventricle")
Raynauds, Arrhythmia (not nifedipine)
Cardiac Depression, AV block, Constipation
-
Nitroglucerin
Isosorbide Dinitrate
- Increase cGMP
- Dilate veins>arteries
- Decrease Preload
Pulomary edema, Angina, Erection enhancer
- Reflex tachycardia, flushing, Hypotension
- Monday's Disease
-
Nitroprusside
increase cGMP via direct release of NO
Malignant hypertension
Cyanide Toxicity
-
Fenoldopam
- Dopamine D1 agonist
- Relaxes Renal smooth muscle
Malignant hypertension
-
Diazoxide
K channel opner
Malignant Hypertension
Hyperglycemia-decreases insulin release
-
Statins
HMG-coa reductase inhibitor-inhibit mevalonate
Decrease LDL
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
-
Niacin
Reduces VLDL secretion
Increases HDL
- Vasodilation
- Hyperglycemia-acanthosis nigricans
- Hyperuricemia-gout
-
Cholestryamine
Colestipol
Colesevelam
Decreases intestinal absorption of bile acid
Decreases LDL
- GI discomfort
- Decreases fat soluble vitamins
-
Ezetimibe
Prevent cholesterol absorption
Decreased LDL
Increases LFTs
-
Gemfibrozil
Clofibrate
Bezafibrate
Fenofibrate
Upregulate LDL to increases TF clearance
Decreases TG
- Myositis
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cholesterol Gallstones
-
Digoxin
Inhibits Na/K ATPase which indirectly inhibits Na/CA exchanger which increases Ca+
Positive inotropy
CHF and atrial fibrillation
- Blurry yellow vision
- Increased PR
- Decreased QT
- T wave inversion
- Hyperkalemia
Don't give in hypokalemia, Renal failure, or with quinidine
Mg+ for antidote
-
Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide
Class IA Na+ channel blockers
- Increase AP duration
- Increase QT interval
- Both atrial and ventricular arrhymias
- Reentrant and ectopi supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia
- Quinidine= Thrombocytopenia, Torsades, Tinnitus
- Procainamide=SLE like syndrome
"the Queen proclaims Diso's Pyramide"
-
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
Tocainide
Class IB Na blocker
- Decrease AP duration
- Affects ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue
Post-MI arrythmias and digitalis induced arrhythmias
- Local anesthetic
- Cadiovascular depression
"I'd Buy Lidy's Mexican Tacos"
-
Flecainide
Encainide
Propafenone
Class IC Na blocker
No effect on AP duration
- Vtachs that progress to VF
- Intractable SVT
- Proarrhythmic in post MI patients
- Contraindicated in Post-MI
"Chipotle's Food has Excellent Produce"
-
B-blockers
- Decrease cAMP and Ca+ current
- Decrease slope of phase 4
- Increases PR interval
Afib and Aflutter
- Impotence, asthma, Masks hypoglycemia,
- Metoprolol can cause dyslipidemia
Treat overdose with Glucagon
-
Sotalol
Ibutilide
Bretylium
Dofetilide
Amiodarone
K+ channel blockers
- Increase AP duration
- Increase QT interval
- Amiodarone: pulmonary fibrosis, Hepatotox, Hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism (Check PFT, LFT, TFT)
- Coreal deposits
- Skin deposits (blue/gray) resulting in photodermatitis
-
Verapmil
Diltiazem
Ca+ channel blockers
- Increase PR interval
- Decrease conduction velocity in primarily AV node
Prevention of Nodal Arrhymias
Constipation, Flushing, Edema
-
Adenosine
- Increase K+ out of cells and decrease Ca+ into cells
- Hyperpolarizes cells
Diagnose/abolish supraventricular tachycardia
Chest pain, flushing, hypotension
effect blocked by theophylline
-
Mg+
- Stops Torsades de pointes
- Stops Digoxin toxicity
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