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Fibromyalgia
- my/o = muscle
- algia = pain
- Triggered by trauma
- Substance P changes 'increased' perception of pain to your brain
- Low serotonin levels affect pain, mood, sleep
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Scoliosis
- Scoli/o = curve
- Idiopathic means unknown cause
- Most common in teenage girls
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Osteoarthritis
- arthr/o = joints
- DJD= degenerative joint disease
- S/S; pain & stiffness during activity...others =obesity, trauma
- Dx: bone spurs & joint spacing
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Lyme Disease
- Ticks must be attached for 24 hours
- 'Bull's eye' like lesion on skin
- S/S: muscle pain
- Dx: Blood work to detect antibodies
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Osteomyelitis
- Infection of bone/muscle
- Risk factor: Diabetes Mullitis
- Subperiosteal = the underneath layer around bone
- Sequestrum is due to bone chips
- DX; Bloodwork to detect necrotic bone (dead bone)
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Gout
- Caused by increase in uric acid deficient in the kidneys
- Most common in overweight males who drink alcohol
- S/S: sudden & severe
- Dx: hyperuircemia in labs
- Xrays show uric acid crystals in joint space
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Paget's Disease
- Et: genetic, viral infection
- abnormal bone breakdown
- S/S: bowed and fracture bones
- Dx: increased protein levels in bones
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Marfan's Syndrone
- Abnormal long extremities, can affect lungs, spinal cord, and skin
- S/S; bleeding out
- mycromathia=abnormal connective tissue with weakness of blood vessels
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Bone tumors
- S/S; abnormal bone growth
- Osteosarcoma = malignant tumor
- most common in persons age 10-20, puberty
- Dx; increase levels in ALP & LDH due to neoplasm
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OsteoPORosis
- POR= reduce in bone density
- Risk factors: postmenopasusal (PMP), hormone changes, over age 50 w/possible hip fractures (femur head)
- Curvature disorder; Kyphosis (hunchback curve)
- DEXA; text for bone density
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Osteomalacia
- -malacia = softing of the bone
- Deficiency & reduction in of Vit.D, calcium & Phospohorus
- S/S; reduce calcium levels, Rickets disease in children
- Dx:
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O.R.I.F.?
- Open surgery
- Reduction & realignment
- Internal
- Fixation w/plates and pins
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Strain v Sprain
- Strain: pulled muscle or 'overuse' tendon
- Sprain: tear of joint, ligament
- S/S: edema(swelling), ecchymosis (bruising)
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Dislocations
- Due to extreme force on the joint , ligament
- Ehlers danlos syndrome: Inherited disorder affects coligen causes joints to be loose
- Most common site: shoulder
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Frozen shoulder
- Adhesive means scaring tissue
- Capsule = ligament group (humerus to scapula to clavicle)
- Pain leads to unused and reduce motion
- Risk factors; servical spine disc disorder
- Dx: arthroscopy (look into the joints)
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Plantar Fascitis
- Plantar means 'under foot'
- 'Fasc-' means thick tissue connecting heal bone
- S/S; pain, inflamed, stift
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Ganglion Cyst
- Fluid sac
- most common site is dorsal wrist
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Torn Meniscus
- Acts as 'shock absorbers'
- Damage most caused by sports injuries
- S/S: pain, swelling, stiffness
- associated with ACL and PCL injuries
- Dx: MRI
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Spondylolisthesis
- Spondyl/o - refers to spine
- Forward slipping of one disc over another
- S/S; neuro symptoms
- Most common site; L5 & S1
- Excessive amount of wear and tear of bones
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Oral Cancer
- Most common lips and tongue (squamous tissue)
- Risk from: tobacco, causes O.L.(oral LEUKOplakia)
- S/S; dysphagia (diff. swallowing) & odynophagia (painful swallowing)
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GERD
- (GERD) stands for Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Regurgitation of the stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus
- Et: reflux of dysfunction
- S/S; heartburn, nausea
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Esophageal Varices
- Varic/o = varicose veins of esophagus
- HTN = hypertension caused by liver disease
- S/S; hematemesis &tar stool (blood flora in upper digestive)
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Esophageal Cancer
- Risk factors; Chronic GERD
- S/S; GERD(reflux) + Dysphagia (diff. swallowing)
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Gastric Cancer
- Risk factors: Ulcer's Smokers Barretts H-pylori
- S/S; ab pain, weight loss
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Peptic Ulcer
- Gastric or duadenal
- S/S; pain in indigestion
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Appendicitis
- Et: stool stone like
- S/S; fever, pain, constipation, diarreah
- Dx: WBC
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Hiatal Hernia
- Weakness in diaphram, obesity, heredity
- S/S; GERD
- Dx: UGI & EGD
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Crohn's Disease
- Edematous - inflammation at all levels
- Et: small bowel autoimmune
- S/S; abdom. pain & perianal fissures
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Ulcerative Colitis
- Et; autoimmmune
- imcomplete feeling of passing stool
- S/S; tenesmus & fulinant
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Intestinal Obstruction
- Mechanical causes include: cancerous space & impacted feces
- Et; Volvus & intrussuspection
- S/S; lack of stool/gas, vomiting, nuasea
- Dx; w/o Barium
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Diverticulosis
- Diverticula- outpouch of large intestine w/excessive pressure
- diverticulitis - inflammed in one or more
- S/S; asymmptomatic
- Dx; endo
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Colon Cancer
- Et: "Adeno" carcinoma means 'glands of rectum' means glands
- Risks; Chron's disease & polyps
- S/S; bright red stool
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Cirrhosis
- Scaring of normal liver tissue, irresversable
- Associated w/ hepatitis or alcoholism
- S/S; degree of liver function
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Biliary Stones
- Et: made of cholesterol or balliarubin
- Obstruction can cause Choleithiasis
- Hyperbillirunemia (blood in the billirubin)
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Pancreatitis
Et; Most common
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