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Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) did what?
Copernicus devel-oped a heliocentric theory of the known universe
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Nicolaus Copernicus was flawed why
His revolu-tionary theory was flawed in that he assumed that the planets had circular orbits around the Sun.
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who corrected Nicolaus Copernicus flawed theory
Johannes Kepler
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Tycho Brahe created what theory
He de-vised a halfway theory called the Tychonic system.
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Accord-ing to Tycho’s theory
Earth is stationary, with the Sun and the Moon revolving around it, while all the other planets re-volve around the Sun.
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Galileo Galilei created what formula
formulated his famous law of falling bodies: All objects fall with the same acceleration regardless of their weight.
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Isaac Newton (1642–1727) developed what type of math
began developing the math-ematics that later became calcu-lus
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Isaac Newton discovered what in light?
white light is actually a mixture of all colors.
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when is the least extreme tides during what moon phase
1st , 3rd quarter
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sun tides are how strong
not that strong compared to moon tides
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when man landed on the moon on july 20, 1969. where did he land?
mara tranquility
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synchronous rotation is what
moon rotates at the same rate as it revolves.
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from earth we can only see 60% of the moon because of
synchronous rotation
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when does the far side of the moon get sunlight
new moon phase
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does earth go through phases if you were looking at the earth from the moon.
yes
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how many low and high tides happen each day
2 each day
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how long do high tides last
about 50 minutes
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when do the most extreme tides happen
during the full moon and new moon phase
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if the tides last 50 mins twice a day. does that mean they happen at the same time everyday
no, the 50 minutes continues
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full moon and new moon tides are called what
spring tides
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what is rock density?
3000kg
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what is water density?
1000kg
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what is irons density
8000 kg
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what is density calculated by?
mass/volume
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Earths density is
5500 kg.
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earths density is made up of what?
Half rock and half iron
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how far is the moon?
240,000 miles away form earth
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what is moon surface gravity?
1/16 of earths
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moons mass is
1/80 of the earth
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does the moon have a atmosphere?
no
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what hold in gases to create an atmosphere?
gravity
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what are the effects of not having gravity?
no rain, snow, sound, wind, weather.
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when is it day time on the moon
the black sky
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why is the sky blue?
sun light hits the atmosphere and the blue wave length which is longer gets spread out when hitting the air molecules.
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what happens when the sun hit the thicker part of the atmosphere?
the shorter wave length shines through the atmosphere causing a red sunset.
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why do people think the earths core is iron?
because of the magnetic field.
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O3 does what?
absorbs U.V. radiation
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chlorofluorocarbons is short for
CFC
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CFC cause what?
depletion of our ozone layer.
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sign for carbon monoxide
CO1, dangerous
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sign for carbon dioxide
CO2 , what in soda
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what do we exhale?
78% nitrogen
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how far have we reached the earths core and how far has man been.
we have drilled 8miles through earth core and man has been 3 miles.
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what is earths first layer?
earths crust is 3 to 20miles thick
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what is the 2nd layer of earth core?
Mantle, is 2000 miles thick.
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what is the third layer of earths core?
liquid iron state
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what is the final layer of earth core
solid iron
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techno tics is what?
the small amount of movement from the plates moving.
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200 million years ago how many continents were there?
believed to be 1 huge Continent
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when the 1 continent broke apart what direction did they travel?
earth broken up continent are traveling NE.
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earths core is believed to how hot?
10k degrees.
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timing the waves as they travel from one point and back to the original spot is called what?
seismic waves
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what is earth diameter?
7926 miles
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Earths circumference?
24,901 miles
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How much water is on the earth?
71%
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whats the highest temperature on the earth?
136 degree F
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what is the lowest temperature on earth?
-129 degrees
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highest point of earth is what and where?
MT. Everest 29,035 or 5.5 miles high.
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where does it rain the most?
MT. Walialeale, Hawaii at 460 inches per year
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deepest ocean?
pacific ocean, 31,198 deep or 7 miles deep.
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what is the first layer of earth atmosphere?
troposphere, 7 miles above sea level
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what is the second layer of earth atmosphere?
stratosphere, 30 miles and up
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what is the 3rd layer of earth atmosphere?
mesosphere, 50 and above
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what is the 4th layer of earth atmosphere?
thermosphere or ionosphere 90 and above
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what are the inferior planets?
mercury and Venus
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what are the superior planets?
mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
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what does inferior planets mean?
planets that lie on inside of earths orbit.
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what does superior planets mean?
planets that lie on the outside of earths orbit.
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Is it hot or cold on the Moon?
Why?
Day: 130°C 5 266°F 5 403 K
Night: 2180°C 5 2292°F 5 93K
It has no atmosphere.
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when is the best time to see a superior planet?
in its opposition phase.
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sidereal period is
time it takes to orbit around
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synodic period is
how long it takes to return to its original position.
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The angle between the Sun and a planet as viewed from Earth is called the planet’s
elongation
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The geometric arrangements among Earth, another planet, and the Sun are called
configurations
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a planet in opposition is
farthest from the sun next to the earth
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a planet that is in conjunction is
closet to the sun on the opposite side of the earth.
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does the moon rotate?
yes
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when are morning stars visible?
right before the sun does in the western sky.
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when is the best time to see a planet which lies inside the earths orbit.
when the planet is on the greatest eastern elongation its visible at sunset.
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when is the best time to see a planet which lies outside the earths orbit?
midnight is best to see the planets or after the sun is below the horizon.
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what did Tycho Brahe accurately measure with an accuracy of 1 arcmin?
measuring planets position with an accuracy of 1 arcim possible with non telescopic instruments.
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kelpers first law?
the orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.
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kelpers 2nd law
a line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
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Keplers 3rd law
the square of a planet sidereal period around the sun is directly proportional to the cube of the length of its orbits semi major axis.
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what Greek astronomer proposed a sun centered universe?
Aristotle.
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what is retrograde?
its when planets move backwards.
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what direction are the planets moving when they retrograde?
East to west or left to right.
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Greek astronomers believe was the earths shape was?
A epicycles
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who created the measurement of earth circumference?
Eratosthenes.
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how did Eratosthenes measure the earth circumference?
he found noon time that pointed at Alexandria. using a vertical straight stick for the shadow.
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who tried to measure the parallax?
Tycho Brahe
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how much is 1 arch minute?
1/60th of a minute
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what astronomer had the first telescope to study the stars?
Galileo
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how many moons does Jupiter have?
4
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kelpers 2nd law explains what?
that planets move faster when there closer to the sun and slower when further away.
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how long does it take for mars to make 1 sidereal evolution?
24 months around the sun.
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The sun,moon,stars,planets do what every day?
rise in the east and set in the west.
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When does mars retrograde?
OCT 1st to DEC 1st
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Ptolemy did what?
assigned each planet its own epicycles to explain retrograde motion.
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Copernicus thought that the universe was a heliocentric universe which means?
the sun was at the center.
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Aristotle thought earth was were in the universe?
at the center.
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ancient Greeks thought the earth was
stationary and didn't rotate or revolve.
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Statia is what?
it is a Olympic size stadium which measures 1/10 of a mile.
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why do eclipses occur every 6 months?
the moons orbital plane is tipped by 5 degrees with respect to the ecliptic plane.
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lunar eclipse is when?
is in a full moon
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solar eclipse is when?
a new moon.
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When the moon and sun inline perfectly with each other is called
syzygy.
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what phase does the moon need to be in for total solar eclipse?
new moon.
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lunar eclipse is the shadow of?
shadow is the umbra which is about 170 mile shadow cast.
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how long does a total eclipse last
about 7 1/2 minutes.
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on the outside of the umbra shadow is called?
the penumbra.
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how many solar eclipses happen each year?
between 2 and 5.
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three types of lunar eclipses?
umbra, penumbra, penumbral eclipse.
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three types of solar eclipses?
Corona, annular and total eclipse.
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what is the "line of nodes"?
its when the moon crosses ecliptic plane during a new of full moon and causes a eclipse.
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when a potion of the moon passes through the umbra what type of eclipse do you get?
partial eclipse
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when the moon passes through the umbra completely you get what?
total eclipse
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how long does a lunar eclipse last?
1hr 47minutes.
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when is the eclipse season?
During the equinox season
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how long does the eclipse season last
between 31 to 37 days.
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how long does a solar eclipse last?
anywhere from 3 to 5 hours.
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how old is the earth?
4.6 billion years old
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pressure is measured how?
force/area
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what is earth pressure?
The weight of the air pushing down creates a pressure at sea level of 14.7 pounds per square inch, which is commonly denoted as 1 atmosphere.
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