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Ergonomic aids
- substances used to imporve exercise and athletic performance
- *many are not effective
- *some are dangerous
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3 types of ergonomic aids
-anabolic steroids
- -DHEA
- *dehydropiandrosterone
-creatine
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Caffeine, Ephedrine, Carnitine, Chromium, and RIbose AND ergonomic aid use
these are used to increase energy levels and optimize fuel use
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(ergogenic substance) what does Androstenodione do?
-it is an anabolic steroid that is used to increase blood testosterone
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What are the claims surrounding androstenodione? (4)
-increase lean body mass
-sexual performance
-strength
-decrease body fat
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What do studies show on androstenodione?
no effects on size, strength, or body composition
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(ergogenic substance) What is caffeine used for? (3)
-to improve endurance
-delay fatigue
-enhance fat loss
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What is an effective dose of caffeine?
5-6 per kg of body weight
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Is carnitine essential in our diet?
yes
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(ergogenic substance) Why is carnitine essential to our diet?
it has a role of fat oxidation
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Studies on carnitine (4)
-decreased muscle pain
-increased weight loss
-endurance
-cardiovascular function and strength
***studies show mixed results
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(ergogenic substance) What does chromium do?
enhances insulin sensitivity
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What were the initial results of chromium?
showed an increase in muscle mass and decrease in body fat
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(ergogenic substance) what is Conjugated linocleic acid (CLA)
-polyunsaturated fatty acid found in lamb, beef, and dairy products
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What have studies shown in CLA? (4)
- -decrease in body fat
- -decrease in triglycerides
- -VLDL cholesterol
- -increase in resting metabolic rate
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(ergogenic substance) How is creatine used in the body?
as a source of muscle energy in the form of phosphocreatine
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Why dont some people respond to creatine?
due to the amount of creatine in the msucle prior to supplementation
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(ergogenic substance) Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
it has a link to testosterone thus making people think it is to increase muscle mass
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DO studies show any significant evidence on DHEA?
no, it does not show any evidence that DHEA has an anablic effect
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(ergogenic substance) Why do people use ephedra? (3)
-weigth loss
-increased in energy
-enhanced performance
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studies on ephedra (2)
-when paired with caffeine, it can show promote weight loss short term.
-no research on long term effectiveness or complications
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Whats nickname of ephedra?
Ma Huang
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WHat year did FDA banned dietary supplements containing ephedrine?
2004
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What year was androstenodione declred illegal by FDA?
2004
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How much protein do athletes need a day?
1.2-1.7 grams per kilo a day
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HOw much protein do athletes typically take in?
2.5-3.5 grams per kilo
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(recommended diet) what percent is recommended for carbs?
60%, depending on the vigorous of exercise
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(recommended diet) what percent is recommended for fats?
15-25 percent from fat
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(recommended diet) what percent is recommended for protein
12-20%
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For endurance training, how much protein is recommnedde?
1.4 - 1.6 g/kilo
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Eating disorder
psychiatric condition involving extreme body dissatisfaction and long term eating patterns harming the body
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Disordered eating
variety of abnormal or atypical eating behaviors used to reduce weight
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5 factors that contribute to eating disorder?
-family environment
-media images
-socio cultural values
-personality traits
-genetic and biological factors
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(factors that contirbute to eating disorders) family environment (2)
-families with an anorexic member seem to have more rigid family sructure
-family with a bulimia member show a less stable family organization
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(factors that contirbute to eating disorders) media images (2)
-computers enhanced images of perfect bodies are over the media
-adolescents may not always distinguish reality from media fantasy
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(factors that contirbute to eating disorders) Sociocultural values
-western culture values slenderness as beautiful
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(factors that contirbute to eating disorders) Personality traits
- -individuals with eating disorders exhbit specific personality traits
- *difficult to tell if it is the traits causing the disorder
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(factors that contirbute to eating disorders) genetic biological factors
-probability of having an eating disorder is several times higher if a biological relative also has one
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Anorexia nervosa
medical disorder in which unhealthful behaviors are used to maintain a body weight less than 85% of expected weight.
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what percent of anorexics are young girls and women?
90-95%
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what percent of anorexics will die from complications?
5-20 percent
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What is amernorrhea and what is it linked to?
-no mentrual periods for at least 3 months
-linked to anorexia
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symptoms of anoerixa nervosa (3)
-restrictive eating practices
-unhealthful and distorted body image
-they do not have to have a low BMI to be anorexics
***more symptoms but we already know them
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4 health risks associated with anorexia
-electrolyte imbalance
-cardiovascular problems
-gastrointestional problems
-bone problems
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What is bulimia nervosa?
eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
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whats binge eating?
eating large amount of food in a short period of time
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WHat is purging?
an attempt to get rid of food by vomitting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise or other means
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What percent of women does bulimia affect?
1-4 percent
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what percent of bulima patients will die from complications?
1 percent
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ON average binge eating occurs?
at least twice a week for 3 months
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symptoms of bulimia (3)
-binge eating
-purging
-negative and distorted body image
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6 health risks of bulimia patients
-electrolyte imbalance
-gastrointestinal problems
-dental problems
-calluses on backs of hands or knuckles
-swelling of cheeks or jaw area
-burst esophagus
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3 unhealthful bheaviors that comprises disordered eatign
-binge-eating disorder
-chronic overeating
-chronic dieting
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symptoms of binge eating disorder (5)
-often overweight
- -chaotic eating behaviors
- *too fast, too much
-negative self esteem
-often asosciated with depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders
-lack of control when binging
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Health risks for binge eating disorder (3)
-increase risk of overweight
-foods that are usually eaten are high fat and sugars
-stress may lead to psychological effects
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5 symptoms of chronic dieting
-preoccupation with food, weight, calories
-strict dieting
-excessive exercise
-loss of concentration
-increased criticism of body
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5 health risks of chronic dieting
- -poor nutrient and energy intakes
- *low calories
- -decreased energy expenditure due to reduced basal metabollic rate
- *decrease ability in exercise
-increased risk for eating disorder
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What does female athlete triad consist off?
-disordered eating
- mentrual dysfunction
-osteoporosis
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4 people that are vital to treating eating disorders
-patient
-physician
-nutritional counselors
-psychicatric counselors
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3 thigns treatment plans include for treating eating disorders
-nutritional rehab
-psychosocial interventions
-medications
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