Targets cell wall. 1. Displaces Mg2+ and Ca2+ from phosphate groups in LPS --> destabilizing membrane --> inc permeability, leakage, cell death. 2. binds to and neutralizes LPS --> anti-endotoxin effect
Fosfomycin
Targets cell wall. 1. Prevents action of pyruvyl transferase 2. inhibits bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells.
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
Targets DNA/prot production. Prodrug activated by nitro-reductase enzyme. 1. creates free radicals which inactivate nucleic acids 2. creates concentration gradient that facilitates influx of more prodrug
Nitrofurantoin
Targets DNA/prot production. Prodrug activated by nitro-reductase enzyme. Binds to ribosomal enzymes, preventing transcription --> dec prot, RNA and DNA synthesis
Fluoroquinolones
Targets DNA/prot production. 1. prevents action of DNA gyrase (topo II) 2. prevents action of topo IV...forms tertiary stabilizing complex that prevents normal enzyme fxn
Cotrimoxazole
Targets folate synthesis. 1. sulfonamides compete with PABA for DHPS to dec dihydrofolic acid 2. trimethoprim competes with dihydrofolic acid for DHFR to dec tetrahydrofolic acid
Dapsone
Targets folate synthesis. Competes with PABA for DHPS to dec dihydrofolic acid
Isoniazid
Antimycotic. Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis (an essential part of mycobacterial cell wall). Forms isonicotinoyl radical which adducts with NAD+ after being activated by catalase-peroxidase enzyme.
Rifampin
Antimycotic. Inhibits protein synthesis by targeting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Pyrazinamide
Antimycotic. Prodrug converted to pyrazinoic acid and accumulates inside cell, lowering pH and preventing fxn of enzymes.
Ethambutol
Antimycotic. 1. Inhibits synthesis of arabinogalactam and lipoarabinomannan (components of mycobacterium cell wall) 2. inhibits enzyme arainosyl transferase --> prevents polymerization of arabinogalactam.