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What were the The Red Scare?
- The Russian revloution
- Xenophobia
- Labor Unrest/Terrorist attacked
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Why was the Russian Revolution a cause of the red scare?
- In nov. 1917 communist took over russia
- a small communist party was formed in the United States
- Creates a fear of communism in the US
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What is Xenophobia?
the fear of anything foreign
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Why was Labor unrest/terrorist attacks a cause of the red scare?
- after WWI, there were 100s of strikes and several mail bombings
- both were blamed on communist and socialist
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What act was allowed to remain in effect?
Espionage act
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What were the Palmer Raids?
radicals were arrested, put in prison, or deported
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What was the quota system?
said each country could have the number of immigrants equal to 2% of its population i 1890 census
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In the Sacco-Vanzetti case what were the convicted for?
Itailian immigrants convicted of murder
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What was the Liberal response to the Sacco- Vanzetti case?
they were convicted because they were radical immigrants
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What happened to Sacco and Vanzetti?
despite world-wide protest they were executed
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What was the significance of the Sacco Vanzetti case?
- became the symbol of the red scare and helps end the red scare
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What do big business use the red scare for?
break up unions
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What came with the revival of the KKK?
- the height of the KKK
- controlled several state governments
- popular all over the country
- opposed blacks, immigrants, catholics and jews
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What was the Red Summer of 1919?
over 100 blacks were lynched
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What was Marcus Garvery's UNIA (united negro improvement association)?
Org. to send blacks back to Africa(willingly)
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What happened to Marcus Garvey?
ended up in jail for fraud
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What was Harding's Character?
weaknesses: women, gambling, and liquor
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How did Harding feel about big buisness?
supported
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The Twenties were a time of ______?
prosperity
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What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff?
raises tariff to a new all time high
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What was the Department of Commerce?
set up to help buisness not regulate it
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Who was the Ohio Gang?
Harding's friends who used their government positions for personal gain
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Who was Henry M Daugherty?
head of the Ohio Gang
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Who was Charles Forbes?
- involved in taking money through construction companies
- ohio gang
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What was Teapot Dome(with Albert Fall)?
- involved the selling oil reserves to private companies
- ohio gang
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How did and when did Harding die?
died in 1923 if a heart attack
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Who ran in the election of 1924?
- rep- coolidge
- dem-split
- Al Smith-North, Catholic, anti-prohibtion
- William McAdoo-south
- John W. Davis-compromise canidate
- Progressives-LaFollette
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What were the issues of the election 1924?
scandals vs. prosperity
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What were the results of the election of 1924?
Coolidge won big
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What was Republican Prosperity?
- Coolidge continued to support big business
- farmers and labor did not share in prosperity
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What happened with Urbanization?
- 1920-first time in american history that tere are more people living in cites
- clash of cultures between urban and rural areas
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What was the Volstead Act?
put 18th into effect
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What was the problem with prohibtion?
too hard enforce because nobody obeyed it
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What were the ways to by-pass prohibition?
- homemade
- bootleggers
- speakeasies
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What were bootleggers?
people who sold illegal alchol
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What were speakeasies?
illegal bars/nightclubs
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What did the organized crime do?
- supplied alcohol to speakeasies
- mostly in big cities
- Al Capone- Kingpin of Chiacago
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What was the Elvolution-Scopes Trial(monkey trial)?
- TN law in 1925 made it illegal to teach evolution
- Scopes-biology teacher who broke the law by teaching evolution
- Trial became national event
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What were the results of the evolution scopes trial?
- scopes found guilty
- made evolution more acceptable
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What was the importance of transportation?
brought Urban ideas to rurual areas
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What was the #1 form of transportation?
automobiles
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What were airplanes mainly used for in 20s?
mail
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Who was Charles Lindbergh?
first non-stop solo flight over atlantic in 1927
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What was the first Radio station?
KDKA
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What was Jazz largely based on? Who were the main jazz people?
- african americans
- Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, George Gershwin
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What was the Lost Generation?
writers who were affected by the war
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What was the them of the Lost Generation?
critized the empty lifestyle of american buisness and society
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Who is the most famous writer of the Lost Generation?
F Scott Fitzgerald the great gatsby
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What the Harlem Renaissance? Who was the major writer?
- black literary movement
- Langston Hughes
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Who was Rudolph Valentino?
silent movie actor
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What was the first talking movie?
The Jazz Singer
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what happend with sports in 20s?
professional sports became popular
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Who ran in the election of 1928?
- Rep-herbet hoover
- dem- al smith
- hoover wins
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What were the causes of the great depression?
- Agricultrial overproduction
- Industrial overproduction
- unequal distribution of wealth
- weak foreign economy
- easy credit
- stock market speculation
- The Crash of stockmarket
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What was happening with agricultural overproduction?
- farmers still producing at WWI levels and prices dropped
- farmers answers was to produce more
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Higher profits did not mean____?
higher wadges
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What happened in 1929?
top 5% of the pop. earned 25% of the nations income
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What was the foreign economy hurt by?
US tariff policy
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What was buying on the margin?
- you could borrow up to 75% of the stock price
- people, corp., and banks invested everything they had
- not enough money on hand to cover debts
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What was the problem with stock market?
money was not invested in real economy
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What was the Impact of the Great Depression?
- People lost all they hand
- banks and buisness failed
- 13 million people lost their jobs
- farm prices dropped 60%
- Cyclical Effect
- Psychological effect
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What was the Psychological effect of the depression?
- americans had believed that hard work= success
- The Panic gave way to despiration and despair
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What was Hoover's Character?
- "Rugged Individulism"
- each person is responsible for themselves
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What were Hoover's choices?
- voluntary action-country fixes itself
- government relief
- Hoover tired voluntary action first, then government relief
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What was Hawley-Smoot Tariff?
raised tarriff to all time high EVERR
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What was the reconstruction finance corporation?
- gave loans to banks, business, and state and local gov.
- purpose was to stimulate the economy by helping buisness
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What was the public works program?
put people to work on gov. contruction projects
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What did Hoover veto?
some programs that would have provided relief
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Why did Hoover fail?
- acted to slowly
- did not provide immediate relief
- congress did not cooperate with him
- Hoover did more than he was given credit for, but still blamed for depression and was unpopular
- bonus army
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What was the Bonus Army?
- 1924-Congress voted to give WWI veterans a bonus payment in 1945
- 1932- 20,000 unemployed veterans marched on Washington and demand they be given money
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What was the congress action to Bonus Army?
they refused
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What was Hoover's action to the Bonus Army?
- offered to pay Veterans way home
- Hoover has the army force the rest of them home
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What was the result of the Bonus Army?
basically killed Hoover's rep.
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Who ran in the election 1932?
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What were the results of the election of 1932?
- FDR wins
- democrats take full control of congress
- 20th amendment-moves inauguration to Jan.
- 21st amendment- repealed prohibtion
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Why was FDR successful?
- fact that depression had reached rock bottom
- willing to act and act fast
- gave people confidence
- FDR's advisors
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Who was Frances Perkins?
- first woman cabinet member
- sec of labor
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What was the Brain Trust?
college professors who helped write much of the new deal
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Who was Harry Hopkins?
Roosevelt's closest friend and advisors
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What were the 100 days?
first 100 days of FDR's adminstration during which much of the new deal was passed
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What were the problems with the first new deal programs?
- some programs were not effective
- dust bowl
- supreme court
- criticism
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What was the dust bowl?
drought that forced many farmers on the plains to move to california- the okies
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What was the Grapes of Wrath?
story of the Okies and promotes socialism
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What was the American Liberty Leauge?
- said new deal was deal too radical
- made up of mainly buisnessmen
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What did the Socialists say about new deal?
- not radical enough
- Upton Sinclair-barley lost governets race in california on end poverty in california
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Who was Father Charles Coughlin?
had radio program that critcized the new deal for not doing enough
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Who was Frances Townshed?
said give the elderly 200 a month, but they had to spend it by the end of the month
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Who was Huey Long?
democratic senator for Louisiana who was the biggest danger to FDR
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What did Huey Long's Share the Wealth say?
- idea was to make every man a king
- give every family a house, a car, and 5,000
- 100% tax on all income over a million dollars
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What happened to Huey Long?
assisinated in 1935
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Why was the second new deal passed?
to deal with problems of the first one
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What did FDR support?
labor
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What was the CIO?
- made up of unskilled workers
- founded by john l lewis
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What was the Purpose of the FDR's court packing scheme?
keep supreme court from declaring anymore of the new deal unconstituonal
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What was the plan of the court packing scheme?
president could appoint an additionl judge for every justice over the age of 70
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What was the problem of the court packing scheme?
congress refused to agree and people did not support it
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What was the result of the court packing scheme?
supreme court was friendlier to new deal
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What brought the end of the new deal?
- loss of interest
- Roosevelt Recession
- Congressional elections of 1938
- World Problems
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What was the Roosevelt Recession?
- almost as bad as beginnning of depression
- caused many to question the sucess of new deal
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What were the congressional elections of 1938?
- FDR campaigned against those who opposed the new deal, including many democrats
- Result- every democrat he campaigned against won
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What was the effectiveness of the new deal?
did not end the depression, but did bring relief
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What were the political results of the new deal?
- increased power of federal gov. and president
- increased size of bureaucray
- new democratic coalition- made up of blacks, farmers, cites , labor, women
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What is Keynesian Economics?
- deficit spendeing
- gov spends more than it takes in
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What were the economic results of new deal?
- Keynesian econ.
- socialism brought into econ.
- growth of labor unions
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What were the social changes after the new deal?
- blacks continue to move north
- minorites gained some acceptance
- growth of west
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What is the assessment of FDR?
- US surives another constitunal crisis
- fundamentally transformed america
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