Micro II Exam 3

because it is a short rod, it can be known as a coccobacillus

an airborne organism

nonmotile

grows well in and on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract

easily transmitted from person to person by droplet spray and nasal secretions

produces an exotoxin called "pertussis toxin"

this causes most of the symptoms

affects mainly young children

the cilia of the respiratory tract are destroyed by the toxin excreted by this bacterium

there is no way for the excess mucous being produced to be removed from the tract except by intense coughing

-per

tussis

the fits of coughing are prolonged and uncontrollable

the coughing fits are followed by a huge gasp of air that generates the characteristic "whoop" sound from which the disease got it's name

these may also be know as coccobacillus

nonmotile

this genus requires certain components of the blood for survival

Haemophilus means:

components of Haemophilus sp.

has a polysaccaride capsule that increases its virulence greatly

was once thought to be the sole cause of influenza

known most often be a secondary infection of influenza

known most often be a secondary infection of influenza

often causes an acute epiglottitis that can cause asphyxia

before a vaccine was developed, it often caused meningitis in infants

a common cause of acute conjuctivitis or "epidemic pinkeye" in school-aged children

acute conjuctivitis or "epidemic pinkeye" in school-aged children was once attributed to a species

acute conjuctivitis or "epidemic pinkeye" in school-aged children is now known to be caused by a separate strain of

causes the STD Chancroid

causes the formation of one or more tender raised lesions or papules on the genitals

the tender raised lesions or papules on the genitals are similar to the chancre of _______ but is soft

the tender raised lesions or papules on the genitals then develop into

infects the regional lymph nodes causing a painful swelling

may be known as a coccobacillus

nonmotile

a zoonosis that rarely affects humans

causes the disease "the plague"

spread by the bites of infected fleas

usually the rat flea

as the flea bites a new host, it regurgitates infectious material from its intestinal system into the bite wound; the bacteria then move through the lymph system to the lymph nodes and cause a painful infection and swelling

the Yersinia pestis infection and swelling of a lymph node is called a ________ therefore the name _____ _____

if the infection moves into the bloodstream, it will commonly infect the lungs; this causes the condition of

a disease with high fatality rates

can now spread the organism via droplet spray

this form of the disease is considered to be an effective biological weapon

known as a coccobacillus

nonmotile

a zoonosis that is more likely to affect humans than Yersinia

not uncommon in hunters or trappers after skinning wild animals

especially rabbits

it causes the disease tularemia or rabbit fever

Francisella tularensis is spread in several ways a (1 of 5)

Francisella tularensis is spread in several ways a (2 of 5)

Francisella tularensis is spread in several ways a (3 of 5)

Francisella tularensis is spread in several ways a (4 of 5)

Francisella tularensis is spread in several ways a (5 of 5)

Francisella tularensis will cause the following symptoms (1 of 5)

Francisella tularensis will cause the following symptoms (2 of 5)

Francisella tularensis will cause the following symptoms (3 of 5)

Francisella tularensis will cause the following symptoms (4 of 5)

Francisella tularensis will cause the following symptoms (5 of 5)

Francisella tularensis rarely causes death but...

Short, aerobic, gram-negative rods

Spore-forming bacilli

Aerobic Spore-forming bacilli

Anaerobic Spore-forming bacilli

the causitive agent of anthrax

gram-positive organism

nonmotile

primarily a zoonosis of herbivorous animals

the most common manifestation of Bacillus anthracis is as

usually acquired via injured skin or mucous membranes

spores are inoculated from the soil, contaminated animal or carcass, etc.

the spores germinate and the vegetative cells multiply

a gelatinous edema develop at the site of infection

a gelatinous edema develops into papules

papules change into vesicles

vesicles change into pustules

pustules change into necrotic ulcer

from the necrotic ulcer, it then enters the blood stream and causes septicemia

septicemia will likely lead to death

can manifest as pulmonary or respiratory anthrax

________ or _________ _________ is also known as Wool-Sorters disease

transmitted via dust from infected animals or their hides

once inhaled, the spores germinate quickly and the bacilli quickly enter the bloodstream; this causes septicemia and leads to death

extremely rare manifestation of Bacillus antracis

affects the intestinal tract

transmitted by eating the meat of infected animals

gram-positive organism

motile with a single flagellum

Clostridium tetani endospore formation

the exotoxin of this bacterium that causes disease rather than the organism itself

Clostridium tetani exotoxin

one of the most potent toxins known to man

portal of entry of Clostridium tetani

modes of transmission of Clostridium tetani

modes of transmission of Clostridium tetani

the disease caused by the exotoxin tetanus

once the spores have entered the wound they must wait for the wound to become anaerobic before they germinate

the organism does not spread but produces the exotoxin that diffuses into surrounding tissue

this exotoxin is then picked up by the blood and distributed systemically causing severe muscle spasms

one of the first areas to be affected is the massiter muscle

causing it to become paralyzed

therefore the common name for the disease

eventually other muscles are affected and the entire body may be paralyzed

spasms of the facial muscles cause the appearance of a fixed smile and raised eyebrows

minor noises, the bed being jarred, or simply a draft may trigger spasms

rigid chest muscles and throat spasms may lead to:(2)

immunization can be accomplished woth the DPT vaccine

the "T" stands for tetanus toxoid

it lasts for up to 10 years

gram-positive organism

motile with a single flagellum

endospore formation occurs

the organisms are highly invasive because of the presence of a variety of exotoxins and enzymes that allow it to spread readily

there are as many as 12 different exotoxins produced by this organism

the exotoxins of this bacterium cause disease rather than the organism itself

Clostridium perfringens portal of entry

Clostridium perfringens mode of transmission (2):

Clostridium perfringens pathogenicity (3)

the death of otherwise normal tissue around a deep puncture wound

it's distributed by bubbles of H⁺ & CO₂ gas

produced by the organism

spreads rapidly and will readily cause death

gas gangrene can only be treated by (3):

same condition as gas gangrene except occurs in only a non-living host

often spread via contaminated embalming instraments carrying spores

this organism may also cause a severe gastroenteritis

produced by the presence of spores in food that is kept warm (such as a buffet) which allows the spores to germinate

an enterotoxin is produced and ingested to cause the disease

gram positive organism

motile with a single flagellum

endospore formation occurs

it is the exotoxins of this bacterium that causes disease rather than the organism itself; specifically neurotoxins

this toxin is the most poisonous natural substance known to man

most often occurs in home-canned foods

these are often not heated enough to kill the spores

after canning the spores germinate and vegetative cells form

release the exotoxin

the exotoxin causes a flaccid paralysis in the host

the neurotoxin attaches to the nerve at the point of contact with the muscle it controls causing paralysis

death is most often by asphixiation

the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles become flaccis and cease to contract

could be prevented by simply heating the canned foods well enough after opening to inactivate the toxin

V factor

X factor

Usually acquired via injured skin or mucous membranes.

Transmitted via dust from infected animals or their hides.

Transmitted by eating the meat of infected animals.

Those who recover are often incapacitated for several weeks or even months.

The spores may live for years in soil or contaminated feces.

The most poisonous natural substance known to man.

The exotoxin causes most of the symptoms.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles become flaccid and cease to contract.

The death of otherwise normal tissue around a deep puncture wound.

The condition is infectious but not communicable.

The cilia of the respiratory system are destroyed by the toxin.

Spread via contaminated embalming instruments.

Spread by the bite of an infected flea.

Shaking chills

Requires certain components of the blood for survival.

Regurgitates infectious material from its intestinal system into the bite wound.

Rat fleas

Produces food intoxication by the presence of spores in food that is kept warm on a buffet.

Produces an exotoxin called 'pertussis toxin".

Primarily a zoonosis of herbivorous animals.

Paroxysm

Organisms are highly invasive because of a variety of exotoxins and enzymes.

One or more tender, raised lesions or papules on the genitals.

One form of the disease is considered to be an effective biological weapon(2 answers)

Once thought to be the sole cause of influenza.

Occurs in home-canned foods.

Must wait for the wound to become anaerobic before spores can germinate

Moves through the lymph system to the lymph nodes causing a painful swelling and infection.

Most often a secondary infection of influenza.

Most common manifestation is a cutaneous form.

Minor noises, jarring the bed, or a draft in the room may trigger muscle spasms.

May die due to oxygen deprivation and fatal suffocation

May be transmitted via the fecal-oral route into contaminated food.

Makes one of the most potent toxins known.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Has a "drumstick" appearance.

Grows well on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

Fits of coughing followed by a huge gasp of air.

Fever may last for more than a month

Distinguished by bubbles of hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases.

Death is most often by asphyxiation.

Common in hunters and trappers after skinning wild animals.

Causes the look of a fixed smile and raised eyebrows.

Causes severe muscle spasms.

Causes a soft chancre.

Causes a flaccid paralysis.

Caused specifically by neurotoxins.

Can only be treated by surgical excision, amputation or oxygen therapy.

infection and swelling of a lymph node by Yersinia pestis

Before a vaccine was developed, it often caused meningitis in infants.

An STD that infects the regional lymph nodes.

An STD

Alpha toxin

Affects the masseter muscle.

Affects mainly young children.

A zoonosis that rarely affects humans.

A zoonosis that is more likely to affect humans.

A polysaccharide capsule increases its virulence.

A disease with high fatality rates.

"Sardonic grin"

"lntense cough"

"Blood-loving"