Constricted region in a eukaryotic chromosome where sister chromatids are attached
Chromosome
A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of a cell's genetic information
Chromosome number
The sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type
Diploid
Having two of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species
Histone
Type of protein that structurally organizes eukaryotic chromosomes
Karyotype
Image of an individual's complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape and centromere location
Nucleosome
A length of DNA wound twice around a spool of histone proteins
Sex chromosome
Member of a pair of chromosomes that differs between males and females
Sister chromatid
One of two attached DNA molecules of a duplicated eukaryotic chromosome
Bacteriophage
Virus that infects bacteria
DNA sequence
Order of nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA
DNA ligase
Enzyme that seals gaps in double-stranded DNA
DNA polymerase
DNA replication enzyme. Uses a DNA template to assemble a complementary strand of DNA
DNA replication
process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before it divides
primer
short, single strand of DNA that base-pairs with a targeted DNA sequence
Semiconservative replication
Describes the process of DNA replication, which produces two copies of a DNA molecule: one strand of each copy is new, and the other is a strand of the original DNA
Mutation
Permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Reproductive Cloning
Technology that produces genetically identical individuals
Somatic cell nuclear transfer SCNT
method of reproductive cloning in which genetic material is transferred from an adult somatic cell into an unfertilized, enucleated egg
Therapeutic Cloning
the use of SCNT to produce human embryos for research purposes