Oxygen requiring metabolic pathway that breaks down carbohydrates to produce ATP
Fermentation
Metabolic pathway that breaks down carbohydrates to produce ATP; does not require oxygen
Glycolysis
Set of reactions in which glucose or another sugar is broken down to two pyruvate for a net yield of two ATP
Pyruvate
Three-carbon end product of glycolysis
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
A reaction that transfers a phosphate group from a substrate directly to ADP; thus forming ATP
Krebs cycle
Cyclic pathway that, along with acetyl-CoA formation, breaks down pyruvate to carbon dioxide during aerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation
Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and ethanol. Begins with glycolysis; end reactions regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue
Lactate Fermentation
Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and lactate