Medical Terminology Week 6

The brain and the spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System and includes the autonomic nervous system

braid, network

root

clasp, connection

12 pairs of nerves

31 pairs of nerves

a funtioning unit of a neuron

single process that leads away from the cell body

made of cytoplasm and has a nucleus

many branches that lead into the cell body, receives messages from previous neuron

causes an "effect" from the brain to peripheral organs

surrounds the axon, made of fats and protein

holds myelin to the axon

where senses from the environment originate

sends signals towards the brain

sends signals away from the brain

• These two are part of what main plexus?
• brachial plexus - nerves that travel to the arms
• sacral plexus - nerves that travel to the legs

• ventral root - where the efferent nerves go through
• dorsal root - where the afferent nerves go through

the point of "contact" between two neurons

The "pinched" areas on the axon where there is no myelin sheath

disorder of the 7th cranial nerve (a facial nerve) of unknown cause.  It causes unilateral facial paralysis (half of face is paralyzed).

post-traumatic pain from an injured nerve that causes a severe burning sensation

known  as ascending flacid paralysis, starts of as a respiratory problem, then weakness in the feet and moves towards the trunk.

a rupture in the intervertebral disk that causes it to flatten and bulge out, pinching the nerve

a tumor on the membrate covering the axon

tumor of the nerve

many nerves are inflamed due to vitamin B deficiency

neuritis caused by a herniated intervertebral disk (fixed by performing a neurectomy)

removal of nerve

surgically reconnecting the nerves (end to end)

to cut the vagus nerve to control stomach acid production

dizziness caused by the inner ear

sudden recurrent pain (shooting pain)

spasm of the 5th cranial nerve (facial nerve), also known as "brain freeze" from eating something very cold.

convolution

thin plate

relaxation

bridge

thorn-like, spine

chamber

small cavity

encephalon

balance and coordination

the largest part of the brain

connects both brain hemispheres together

• medulla oblongata - the vital center
• pons - the "bridge" of the brain stem

membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.  The three layers are dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

chambers in the brain areas where cerebrospinal fluid is produced

the part of the central nervous system other than the brain

begins to occur around 60 years of age, possible genetic in origin, causes memory loss

a fetus or brand new baby without a brain

a very malignat, fast moving brain (intercranial) tumor

malignant tumor of the cerebellum

a cancer that originated elsewhere in the body that has spread to the brain

a tumor that original started in the brain

generally caused during birth, causes physical motor spasms

a cerebrovascular disease where the blood vessel had burst in the brain

a cerebrovascular disease where a clot has travelled to the brain and cut off the blood supply

a cerebrovascular disease where the brain tissue has died

a cerebrovascular disease where there is bad circulation to the brain

also abreviated as CVA, the blood supply to the brain has been cut off

a cerebrovascular condition where there is a temporary cut off of blood supply to the brain

degenerative nerve disorder that causes bizzar involuntary movements

inflammation of the brain causing sleepiness (caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito)

the skull has a protrusion poking the brain

a convulsive disorder

accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain because the ventricles are clogged and unable to drain.

inflammation of the meninges

a hernia of the meninges where it is protruding through a fissure in the skull

small brain

degeneration of the myelin sheath

Occurs in the 50s to 60s - symptoms are tremors, monotone voice, and affects movement

commonly known as Polio, caused by a virus

birth defect caused by lack of folic acid, causing the spinal cord to protrude out of the vertabrae

syphylis of the nervous system

a condition that causes the person to make uncontrolable movements or verbal outbursts

cleaning out the plaque from the carotid artery

to remove the spinal cord, to bring person from rigid paralysis to flacid paralysis

removing the lamina to get to the spinal cord, done for nuclear herniated pulposa

attaching platforms to a person's head that steady the surgical instruments and help make more precise brain surgery procedures

a tubing installed in the head to help drain cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles.

to lose normal sense of pain

difficulty talking or understanding words

movements that are not purposeful

poor coordination

an awareness that a seizure is about to occur

also known as "leaking roof", cerebrospinal fluid in the ear

unconcious

involuntary muscle contractions

trouble learning because words appear mixed up

a sense of well being

stroke induced half paralysis

over sensitivity

eyeballs are constantly moving

slight paralysis, with tingling or prickling feeling

paralyzed in the lower part of the body

partial paralysis

inflammation of the nerve root

fainting

short involuntary contraction of muscle

a procedure to draw cerebrospinal fluid for examination

if you stroke the bottom of the foot of a baby, the toes should curl in.  If the big toe fans out, it means there is nerve damage

to close your eyes when something is rapidly going towards it (like flinching)

person lies down and moves their head towards their chest. if their legs draw up, it is a sign for meningitis

a person can bend leg, but will be unable to straighten them if they have meningitis

a test for ataxia.  a standing person will lose balance when they close their eyes

EEG

attaching electrodes to eyes to test for nystagmus

a stimulant

loss of pain

inability to feel

a medical doctor specializing in administering anesthesia for more major surgeries

a nurse specializing in administering anesthesia for minor procedures

an anti-vomit drug

breathing in too much oxygen

not enough oxygen

breathing in O2 and CO2

makes blood vessels constrict

the use of accupuncture to help relieve pain

• caudal or sacral anesthesia
• epidural block

autonomic nervous system

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gherig's Disease)

cerebral blood flow

central nervous system

cerebral palsy

cerebral spinal fluid

cerebrovascular accident

electroencephalogram

knee jerk

lumbar puncture

magnetic resonance imaging

multiple sclerosis

organic brain syndrome - something is causing physical damage to the brain

pneumoencephalogram

positron emission topography

peripheral nervous system

transient ischemic attack

pictures of blood vessels in the brain

CAT scan of the brain

x-ray picture of the spinal cord

horny

clear ice

circle

sac

to remove

rainbow, halo

horny, cornea

nod

slanting

eye

lens

glassy

tiny band

also known as the eyeball

the chamber of the eye that is in front of the lens

the chamber of the eye that is behind the lens

the clear part of the eye for light to go through, part of the outer layer/tunic of the eye

the whites of the eye made of tough fibrous tissue; part of the outer layer/tunic of the eye

the vascular part; part of the middle layer/tunic of the eye

the colored part of the eye; the pupil is the hole; part of the middle layer/tunic of the eye

focuses light to the retina; part of the middle layer/tunic of the eye

black, nervous tissue, absorbs light and sends signal to brain; part of the inner layer/tunic of the eye

the eye socket, bone structure around the eyes