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Cognition
think, know, perceive, learn, and mem, also the contents of these processes
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Intelligence
capacity to acquire knowledge, reason, and solve problems effectively
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is Conscious Thought?
90% is non-conscious
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Subconscious processes
Outside of conscious awareness
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Non-conscious processes are:
- Outside of awareness, Outside of control
- ex: Classical conditioning, priming, procedural learning
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What Are the Components of Thought?
- brain uses senses, emotions, mem info to create/manipulate mental representations
- Ex: concepts, images, schemas, and scripts
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What Are Concepts?
reps of categories of items/ideas, bc experiences/learning
- –Natural concepts
- rep objects/events
– Artificial concepts = rules
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Schema
A knowledge cluster provides expectations of topics, events, objects, people, and situations
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Thinking uses
ID Prob=select strategy=find Solution=Test Solution
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Algorithms (Problem Solving Strategies)
guarantee a correct outcome if applied correctly
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Heuristics
Short cut to solve complex mental tasks
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Useful heuristics include:
- Work backward
- Search for analogies
- Break prob n2 smaller probs
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Sunk Costs
Investing money/time n2 a project not likely to succeed
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Hindsight Bias
“I knew it all the time”
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Confirmation Bias
seek info that supports pre-existing thoughts/theories
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Functional fixedness
Inability to perceive a new use for object associated with different purpose
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Priming
and the Dunker Candle Problem
Participants randomly assigned to solve prob
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The Obstacle of Self Imposed Limitations
Rules
- Failure
- to consider alternative possibilities
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