Need to Study

What are the two substances found in the epidermis

is a protein found in the stratum corneum layer that makes the epidermis tough and impenetrable

receptors that respond to mechanical pressure located at the ends of neurons to detect deep pressure and vibrations

what are the 3 main types of glands within the integumentary system

what are the two main types of sudoriferous glands

glands that secrete ear wax (cerumen)

Individual bone cells

cells that build up or repair bone tissue

cells that break down bone tissue and help release stored minerals

How many bones are in the human body?

Fibers arrange concentrically around an opening
Functions as sphincter to close a passageway or opening. What type of pattern of muscle is this?

triangular muscle with common attachment site
direction of pull can be changed
does not pull as hard as an equal-sized parallel muscle. what is the pattern of muscle?

fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle. The body of the muscle increases in diameter with contraction. It is a high endurance muscle. but is not very strong. Name this pattern of muscle?

name the muscle pattern where the muscle body has one or more tendons;
the fascicles are at an oblique angle to the tendon.

This type of muscle pattern fiber on the same side of the tendon

these have muscle fibers on bonth sides of the tendon

these muscles have tendons that branch within the muscle

a theory that explains muscular contractions. It states that if there is enough ATP, the myosin will attach to the actin and make the actin "slide" over each other, thus pulling the muscle fibers toward the center

tendons attach muscle to

thin myofilaments

thick myofilaments

one motor neuron, neuro muscular junctions, and the muscle fibers it innervates

The brain consists of 4 main parts: They are

3 layers that surround and protect the CNS are called

the thickest and most external layer of the the meninges

the web-like and provides space for the cerebrospinal fluid to circulate and cushion support of the meninges is the

the softer layer and innermost layer of the meninges and is the layer that has vascular and supplies nutrients to the brain

this is the superior part of the brain, making up 81% of the total brain mass.

which side of the cerebrum is creativity and contains the sensory and motor pathways for the left side of body

which side of the cerebrum is logic, science, languages, and verbal ideas, contains sensory and motor pathways for the right side of the body

this part of the brain controls muscle tone, coordinates skeletal muscles and balance, and controls fine and gross motor movements

provides the relay and switching cneters for some sensory and motor pathways and for control of visceral activities. contains thalamus and hypothalamus

contains 3 part midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

this area of the brain is responsible for visual and auditory reflexes

this section of the brain stem is the center for autonomic respiration and acts as  a bridge from the spine the rest of the brain.

this area is the cardiac control center, vasomotor center, and respiratory center

the PNS contains all other nerves except

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscles and their contractions

PNS that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, internal organs and glands

name the cranial nerves

this is the smallest of the cranial nerves. its sensory and motor fibers supply the superior oblique muscles for oblique eye movements

this is the largest of the cranial nerves. supplies the tissues of the face, eyes, nasal cavity, and mouth. sensory fibers conduct impulses for touch, heat , cold, and pain

the sensory and motor fibers of this nerve supply the lateral rectus muscles for lateral eye movements

this nerve supplies most of the visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

motor fibers supply the SCM, traps, and swallowing muscles

motor fibers supply muscles of the tongue

helps our body protect itself from over-stretching.

helps us from over contracting by sending signals to the inter neurons in spinal cord

quick, involuntary response to a stimulus. like blinking, breathing and salivation

produces hormone melatonin

secrets two hormones: thyroxin and thyrocalcitonin

decreases the level of calcium ions in the blood by causing the calcium to be absorbed by bone

this is a condition in which there is a lack of thyroxin in the blood . in growth years results in mental retardation. after growth years, results in low metabolic rate, depression, fatigue, weight gain.

condition characterized by irritability, weight loss, enlarged thyroid gland and bulging eyes

increases blood calcium by causing he release of calcium from bone

smallest veins that lead from capillaries to veins

microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen and other nutrients into the tissue takes place

what are the 4 large blood vessels the supply the heart

what are the 2 main veins that collect blood from the body and channel it to the heart

the large blood vessel that channels blood away form the heart to the lungs carry deoxygenated blood is the

the large blood vessel that channel blood from the lungs to the heart

what are the 4 valves that keep blood flowing in the proper direction through the heart

valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

valve situated between the left ventricle and the aorta

cardiac blood flow

circulation of the blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

from heart to the rest of the body and back

main veins that return blood to the heart

the artery leading form the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

returns blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

valve between right atrium and right ventricle

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

valve between the left ventricle and aorta

pulmonary circulation

systemic circulation

this condition is due to calcium deposits on the walls of arteries

condition in which fatty material becomes deposited on the walls of arteries

recognize antigens and attack foreign cells to reduce threats by pathogens

contain antigen receptors that respond to one particular antigen and cause the production of antibodies to respond to that particular antigen

kills wide variety of infected or cancerous cells and respond to multiple antigens

located at the very back of nose at hte nasopharynx. provides defense against inhaled substances.

these are small lymphatic organs located in the back of throat there are 3 name them.

organ located just under the diaphragm posterior and lateral to the stomach. contains macrophages that engulf worn out blood cells and bacteria.

urine formation

filtration of fluid out of capillaries and into the nephron. What is this called and The driving force for this process is what

is the reabsorption of chemicals from the nephron back to the blood

tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the bladder

canal that allows for transfer of urine from the bladder for excretion

what are the 3 processes of respiration

normal amount of air inhaled and exhaled in quiet breathing at 500ml

maximum volume of air inhaled and exhaled forced breathing which is about 5000ml

the exchange of gases getween the alveoli and the blood is

the exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells is

name the upper, middle, and lower portion of the stomach

organ the have pockets of endocrine cells called the islets of langerhans produce glucagons and insulin hormones that regulate blood sugar levels and aids in digestion of fats and proteins

Gonads

a cell with half the number of chromosomes.

mature male gamete that develops in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

saclike accessory glands located posterior to the urinary bladder in the male that provide nourishment for sperm