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What is a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation about a phenomenon
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Independent variable
(Predictor variable), the factor in the experiment that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the researcher
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Dependent Variable
(Response variable), the factor that changes as a result of the changes made in the independent variable
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What are controls?
Known or baseline value for the dependent variable in an experiment
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What are replicates?
The number of test subjects or test groups exposed to the same level of treatment
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What variable if expressed on the X-axis?
Independent variable
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What variable is expressed on the Y-axis?
Dependent variable
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A good hypothesis should:
Be a statement that is testable and falsifiable
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Primary Source
Papers that are written by scientist that describe original research that they have conducted
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What is the most reliable source of scientific information?
A peer reviewed primary source
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What are the components of a scientific paper?
An abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, acknowledgements, and literature cited section
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What is a peer review?
When experts comment on the quality of the science and writing
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Secondary Sources
Summarize the results of someone else's work
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What are the base units for Distance, Volume, and Mass?
- Distance: Meters
- Volume: Liters
- Mass: Grams
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What is standard deviation?
A measure of how much the data deviate (vary) from the mean
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Macronutrient
Protein, carbohydrates, fat
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Micronutrient
Vitamin and mineral
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Metabolism
All chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living-state of the cells and the organism
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Calorie
A unit of measurement; defined as the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1° Celsius
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What are the ranges of the categories of BMI?
Underweight?
Healthy Weight?
Overweight?
Obese?
- Underweight: <20
- Healthy Weight: 20-24.9
- Overweight: 25-29.9
- Obese: 30 or greater
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What does BMI stand for?
Body Mass Index
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How is BMI calculated?
- weight in kg
- (height in meters)²
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Which stores more energy?
a) Fats
b) Carbohydrates
a) Fats
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Which takes more effort?
a) Burning off a gram of fat because they contain more oxygen then carbs do they are more oxidized of "burned"
b) Burning off a gram of carbohydrates because they contain more oxygen then fats do, they are already more oxidized or "burned"
b
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Malnutrition
Deficiencies in essential micronutrients
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How do you calculate kilocalories based on data from a sample experiment?
(mass of water) * change in temp) * (1kg/1000g) * (specific heat)
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What is a cell?
The basic building block of life and they are the smallest entities that exhibit characteristics of life
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Chromosomes
An organized structure of DNA and protein
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What are the products of mitosis?
Formation of 2 cells that are genetically identical to the starting cell
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What are the products of meiosis?
Formation of four cells from each starting cell; has only half the genetic material as the starting cell
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What cells undergo Mitosis?
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What cells undergo Meiosis?
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What does haploid mean?
Cells that arose through meiosis and have only half the genetic material
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What does diploid mean?
Cell that arose through mitosis, contain a complete set of genetic material
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What type of cell contains all genetic material?
Diploid
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What is binary fission?
Way for unicellular cells to divide
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What does binary fission produce?
2 identical cells
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Where is DNA stored?
In the nucleus of a cell
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What regulates cell division?
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What is fertilization?
When the egg and sperm come together
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What hormone triggers ovulation?
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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What hormone is detected by pregnancy tests?
Human Chorionic Gonaditropin (HGC)
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What happens in transcription?
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What are restriction enzymes?
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What is a gene?
Sections of DNA in chromosomes
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How can DNA be sorted?
Through electrophoresis
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How is DNA fragment size measured?
Measured in base pairs
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\What are short tandem repeats?
DNA sequences that are 4-10 base pairs long that are repeated many times
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In gel electrophoresis, which fragments move the quickest?
Smaller fragments
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What is the charge on DNA?
Negative
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