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Purpose of radiographic evaluation
- 1. correlation with clincial findings, machanism of injury, patients age and physical condition
- 2.anatomic alignment and position of involved bones.
- 3.assesment of entire bone, involved joints including-
- articular surface (cartilage)
- cortex
- medullary canal
- periosteum
- epiphyseal growth plates- children
- 4.comparison views
- 5.low to mid kvp range
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osteolytic-
loss of bone
ex. bone metastases, multiple myeloma
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osteoblastic-
bone addition
ex. osteopretosis, osteoblastic
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Fractures-
Include at least one joint for alignment purposes.
two views - 90 degrees from eachother
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positive fat pad sign-
Elbow- definite fracture radial head
knee- possible fracture, definite joint effusion
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positive drawer sign-
stress views of ankle-radiographic signs of ligament tear
- AP position- widening of the ankle mortise
- LAT position- talus moves forward
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Tumors need to do biopsy for?
definitive diagnoses
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Generally round with definitive diagnoses
Benign
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Atypical shape with ill defined borders
Malignant
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Degenerative change
Osteoarthitis- weight bearing joints.
- NOT rehumatoid - small joints of hands and feet
- synovial membranes inflamed
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degenerative changes cont
secondary complications-
- Effusion
- Neurological changes that can cause muscle atrophy
- Articular cartilage damage and destruction- narrowing joint spaces
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Metabolic disorders via skeletal changes
- 1.osteoprosis
- 2.osteomalcia
- 3.pagets disease
- 4.renal dysfunction
- 5.endocrine dysfunction
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inflammation- bone and bone marrow
- 1.osteomyelitis
- 2.infectious arthritis
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Motor vehicle accident - 3 collisions
- 1.vehicle vs object
- 2.occupant vs vehicle
- 3. internal organ vs themselves
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