Respiration

Gas exchange between blood and alveoli is called_____respiration.

Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells is called______respiration

Passage leading to gas exchange sites is classified as

Resonating chamber of speech is

Nose is bounded laterally by _____ bones______

Skin on dorsal and lateral side of nose is then and contains_____glands.

Nasal cavity continues posteriorly with the nasal portion of pharynx through

Nasal cavity is divided by a midline called

The nasal cavity portion superior to nostrils is called

Name 3 functions of the sinuses

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa causes a disease called

Sinus headache is primarily caused due to

The common pathway for both food and air is

The tubes draining the middle ear helping in pressure balancing are

Name three functions of the larynx

Larynx is arranged intricately by _____ cartilages

Expect for _____ all the laryngreal cartilages are hyaline cartilage

The largest laryngeal cartilage is

Ridge like structure or your Adam's apply is formed by

The signet ring shaped cartilage of the larynx is

Vocal cords are anchored to______cartilage

Medial opening through which air passes is

Intermittent release of expired air & opening of glottis results in

Length of the vocal cords and size of glottis is altered by______muscles

Tense vocal cords leads to faster vibration resulting in a ____ sound

Deep tones means people have generally a wide

Inflammation of the vocal cords leads to

Wind pipe in the human body is

The last cartilage ring of the trachea is

In human lungs there are ____ lobes on the right and _____lobes on the left

Actual exchange of gases in the lungs take place in

The walls of the alveoli are made up of ______ cells

Surfactant secreted by the Type II cells help in

Alveolar macrophages are also called as

The lungs are housed in ______ alone with heart and esophagus

Surface of the lung close to the ribs is

Medial surface of each lung has a groove called

______ side of the lung is small than the _____ side

The two lobes of the left lung are divided by

The 3 lobes of the right lung are divided by ______ and ______

The blood vessels which supply impure blood to lungs are

The thin double layered serosa enclosing the root of the lung is called

Pleural fluid acts as a

Inflammation of the pleura causes a disease called

Atmospheric pressure (atm) at sea level is _____mm of Hg (murcery)

The pressure within the alveoli of the lungs is

Pressure within the pleural cavity is

Which of the above two pressures is lesser than other and by how much

If the two pulmonary pressures become equal _____ results

The presnece of air in intrapleural space is called ________

Relation ebtween pressure and volume at constant temperature is given by _____ law

As a rule gases always flow along their

The diameter of the thorax is expanded by contraction of _____muscles.

A major nonelastic sourse of resistance to gas flow is called_____or_____

What is the formula to measure gas flow

Great resistance to gas flow is seen in_____

Name any three factors which hinders the passage of air

Ability of the lungs to expand is called

Lung expansion can be dimminished by_____ or______ or______

Permanent enlargement of alveoli or destruction of it's wall causes

Molecules of liquid produces a state of pressure at its surface called

Water has high polarity and hence its surface tenstion is

Type II cells produce____which interferes with cohesiveness of water

IRDS is caused by

Normal volume of air expired and inspired is measured to

Define inspiratory reserve volume

Define expiratory reserve volume

Define inspiratory capacity

Define residual volume

Define functional residual capacity

Define vital capacity

Air that is not invovled in gas exchange is referred to____ and amounts to _____ml

Instrument which distinguishes between Obstructive and Restrictive disorders is

Define Minute respiratory rewerve volume

Define Forced vital capacity

Low forced expiratory volume is and index of_____disease

Low forced vital capacity is an index of______disease

The formula for Alveolar ventilation rate is_____.

Cough and sneeze relates to______ state of respiration

Non respiratory events related to inspiration are _____, ______, and______.

Define Daltons law of partial pressures

Define Henry's law

Hyperbaric chambers provide clinical application of_____ law

Define SCUBA

Precise coupling of_____ and_____ should be present for efficient gas exchange. 

When alveolar ventilation is low and PO2 is less blood vessel

Capillary gas exchange in tissues is called______

PO2 is ______ in cells and ____ in blood.

Oxygen is transported in blood by two ways, name them.

Hemoglobin has______chains.

Each chain in hemoglobin is attrached to_____group.

The oxygen binding sites of hemoglobin are_____

Hemoglobin and Oxygen combine to form

Binding of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th oxygen atoms to hemoglobin is faciliated by

what is a fully saturated hemoglobin molecute

substantial amounts of oxygen available in bloode is termed

If temp increases the affnity of oxygen to hemoglobin

When H+ ions increase affinity of oxygen to Hb_____.  This is _____effect.

In RBC metabolism of glucose is ___ and enhanced by____

Name any three hormones whioch promote diphosphoglycerate production

Poor oxygen delivery is caused by ____ and causes____hypoxia

Stagnant hypoxia is a result of_______

Interference with gas exchanges in lungs leads to____hypoxia

Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of_____

Identify 3 routes fo Co2 transport in blood

Most of CO2 is carried as____in blood.

CO2 binds to ______ portion of hemoglobin

Oxygen binds to_____portion of hemoglobin

Enzyme which catalyses the conversion of CO2 and water to H2CO3 is

Movement of ____ ions to counteract the movement of HCO3 ions is called____

Define Haldane effect

_____ and____ regions of brain has respiratory centers

Normal respiratory rate is called

Medullary respiratory centers contorl_____part of respiration.

Center which sends inhibitory signals to inspiratory center of medulla is_____

Prolonged inspiration is due to the signal sent to medullary center by

Protective mechanism of terminating inspiration and promoting expiration is ___reflex. 

Hyperventilation is a process involving____in CO2 and _____ in pH.

Breathing into a bag is an example when CO2 levels

Name three reasons for causation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

Name the 3 types of lung carcinomas

During fetal life gas exchanges are performed through

Cystic fibrosis is caused due to

Why respiratory rate of new born babies are high?

In infants breathing is relied on movements of____ and is called____

Normal adult respiratory rate is

Many old people tend to become hypoxic during sleep due to the decrease in

It takes____ weeks for lungs to fully develop during growth