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What is woolsorter’s disease?
Cutaneous Anthrax
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What is characteristic of inhalational anthrax?
Mediastinal Widening
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What is the appropriate treatment for an adult with inhalational anthrax?
- Ciprofloxacin 400mg q12h
- Doxycycline 100mg q12h
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4 Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium difficile
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Clostridium botulism causes:
- classical botulism
- wound botulism/infant botulism
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Clostridium perfringens causes:
- gas gangrene
- food poisoning
- uterine infection
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Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli Characteristics:
- Spore formers
- Obligate anaerobes
- Produce a large # of enzymes and toxins that are medically important
- Rods
- Ubiquitous/soil & intestinal tracts of man and animals
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Meatbolism of Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli
Obligate anaerobes
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Spore formation in Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli
Are spore formers
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Medical signifcance of Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli
Produce enzymes and toxins
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Morphology of Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli
rods
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Anaerobic Gram + Bacilli are found:
Ubiquitous in soil and intestines
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Clostridium botulinum is and infectious disease (True/False)
False
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Clostridium Botulinum is associated with
Improperly canned or dried food
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Clostridium Botulinum causes disease by:
injestion of preformed toxin
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Clostridium botulinum produces how many neurotoxins?
8
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While immunologically distict Clostridium Botulinum neurotoxins are found in humans?
A,B, E
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Clostridium Botulinum toxins are absorbed via:
intestine
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Clostridium Botulinum toxins inhibit:
Acetylcholine release
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Latenet action period of Botulism toxin is
24 to 72 hours
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Botulism causes:
Flaccid paralysis
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Syptoms of C. botulinum are:
- Double vision
- dizzy
- weakness
- difficulty swallowing/speech
- respiratory failure/death
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Diagnosis of Botulsim
- patient serum/animal tests
- look for G+ spore formers
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Describe Clostridium Botulinum
G+ rods, spore forming, spore forms at end of rod
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Woman parylized by carrot juice imbibed:
C. Botulinum
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Action of botulism
blocks acetylcholine release into neural synapse and prevents contraction
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Medical Uses of Botox/Face:
Prevents blepharospasm and strabismus (eye musclespasms)
Stifle migranes
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Spinal Botox uses:
Treatment for Cervical dystonia – neck pain, neck stiffness
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Urogenital uses for botox:
Treat leakage of urine (incontinence) in adults with overactive bladder
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Periphreal Botox uses:
Treat increased muscle stiffness in elbow, wrist, and finger muscles
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C. Botulinum Pharmaceutical treatment:
trivalent antisera = A, B, E
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C. Botulinum treatment non-pharma
intensive respiratory care/pressure chamber
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C. Botulinum Prevenetion
heat home canned/dried foods for 10 minutes at 100o C = inactivates toxin
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Clostridium perfringens causes
- Gas Gangrene
- Food Poisoning
- Uterine Infection
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Gas Gangrene Symptoms:
- local pain
- swelling
- gas
- necrotic tissue
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Diagnosis of Gas Gangrene
G+spore formers/culture
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Treatment of Gas Gangrene
excise teh tissue and hyperbaric oxygen
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Gas Gangrene organism multiplies in the
wound tissue
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C. perfungins Food poisoning happens when:
Injest large number of organisms and spores form
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C. perfungins food poisoning syptoms:
Violent diarrhea and cramps
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C. perfungins uterine infection % female carriers
5%
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C. perfunigins uterine infection can cause:
- prolonged labor
- septic abortion
- high fever
- necrosis
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C. perfungins treatment:
Surgical removal
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Clostridium tetani infections are associated with:
accident, gunshot, knife, pierced ears
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Clostridium tetani number of toxins produced
1 serotype
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Clostridium tetani causes:
- spastic paralysis in the central nervous sytsem
- can lead to respiratory collapse
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Clostridium Tetani diagnosis:
clinicalgrounds/isolate/animals
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Clostridium Tetani treatment:
antiserum,clean wound
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Tetanus patient stance description:
Arched back
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Tetanus in infnts can be seen at:
Umbellical stump
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Clostridium Difficile is associated with
antibiotics and bowel disruption
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C. Difficile toxin causes
- pseudomembranous colitis
- peritonitis
- perforation of bowel wall
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Risk factor for Clostridium Difficile
40% is clinical
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Diagnosis of Clostridium Difficile
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Morphology of Pseudomembranous Colitis
- White plaques of fibrin, mucus, and inflammatory cells overlying the normal mucosa
- Raised yellow plaques 2-10 mm in diameter
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