Acid-Controlling Drugs

• Neutralize gastric acidity by neutralizing acid secretions
•   May promote gastric mucosal defensive mechanisms

Acute relief of symptoms of peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric hyperacidity, and heartburn

Severe renal failure or electrolyte disturbances, and GI obstruction

• Magnesium- diarrhea
•  Aluminum-constipation
• Calcium- constipation, kidney stones, acid rebound

Competitively block the H2 receptor of acid-producing parietal cells

GERD, peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis

Liver and/or kidney dysfunction

• CNS: confusion and disorientation
• Cimetidine: impotence and gynecomastia
• May cause headaches, lethargy, confusion, diarrhea, urticaria, sweating, flushing, other effects

Binds irreversibly to the proton pump which prevents the movement of hydrogen ions from the parietal cells into the stomach

Erosive esophagitis, symptomatic GERD, active duodenal ulcers, active benign gastric ulcers, gastric hypersecretory conditions, NASAID-induced ulcers

• Cytoprotective drug
• Used for stress ulcers, peptic ulcer disease
• Attracted to and binds to the base of ulcers and erosions, forming a protective barrier over these areas
• Protects these areas from pepsin, which normally breaks down proteins (making ulcers worse)

• Synthetic prostaglandin analog
• Prostaglandins have cytoprotective activity
• Protect gastric mucosa from injury by enhancing local production of mucus or bicarbonate
• ~Promote local cell regeneration
• ~Help to maintain mucosal blood flow

• Antiflatulent drug
• Used to reduce the discomforts of gastric or intestinal gas (flatulence)
• Alters elasticity of mucus-coated gas bubbles, breaking them into smaller ones
• Result is decreased gas pain and increased expulsion via mouth or rectum