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DNA structure...
- Sugar: Deoxyribose
- Bases: Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
- Strands: Double stranded with base pairing
- Helix: Yes
- Helix; An object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone.
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RNA structure...
- Sugar: Ribose
- Bases: Adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine
- Strands: Single stranded
- Helix: No
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Composition and function of the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell...
- Composition: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
- Function: Defines cell boundary; regulates molecule passage into and out of cells.
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Composition and function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell...
- Composition: Nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleoli.
- Functions: Storage of genetic information; synthesis of DNA and RNA.
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Composition and function of the nucleolus...
- Composition: Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA, and proteins.
- Function: Ribosomal subunit formation.
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Composition and function of a ribosome (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Protein and RNA in two subunits.
- Function: Protein synthesis.
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Composition and function of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Membranous flattened channels and tubular canals.
- Function: Synthesis and/or modification of proteins and other substances, and distribution (dreifing) by vesicle formation.
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Composition and function of an rough ER (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Network of folded membranes studded with ribosomes.
- Function: Folding, modification (lagfæring, smá breyting), and transport of proteins.
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Composition and function of a smooth ER (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Having no ribosomes.
- Function: Various; lipid synthesis in some cells.
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Composition and function of the Golgi apparatus (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Stack of membranous saccules (belgir).
- Function: Processing, packaging, and distribution (dreifing) of proteins and lipids.
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Composition and function of a lysosome (animal cell only)..
- Composition: Membranous vesicles containing digestive enzymes.
- Function: Intracellular digestion.
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Composition and function of vacuole and vesicle (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Membranous sacs.
- Function: Storage of substances.
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Composition and function of an peroxisome (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Membranous vesicle containing specific enzymes.
- Function: Various metabolic tasks.
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Composition and function of a cell wall in a plant cell..
- Composition: Contains cellulose fibrils.
- Function: Support and protection.
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Composition and function of the mitochondrion (hvatberi) (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Inner membrane (cristae) bounded by an outer membrane.
- Function: Cellular respiration (frumuöndun).
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Composition and function of a chloroplast (plant cell only)..
- Composition: Membranous grana (skífulaga eining) bounded by two membranes.
- Function: Photosynthesis
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Composition and function of the cytoskeleton (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: Microtubules, intermediate, actin filaments.
- Function: Shape of cell and movement of its parts.
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Cilia (bifhár) and flagella (svipur) (animal and plant cells)..
- Composition: 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules.
- Function: Movement of cell.
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Centriole (deilikorn) (animal cells only)..
- Composition: 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules.
- Function: Formation of basal bodies.
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Enzymes..
"Enzymes are protein molecules that speed chemical reactions by lowering the energy of activation. They do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex."
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Five-Kingdom system
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista (Frumvera) and Monera (ríki dreifkjörnunga)
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Classification if living things:
Domain - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order Family - Genus - Species
Dumb Kids Playing Chess On Freeways Get Squished!!
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Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy (skyrbjúgur)
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Vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness (náttblinda)
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Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets (beinkröm)
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Vitamin K deficiency
Easy bruising and bleeding
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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency
Beriberi (taugakröm)
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Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency
Pellagra (húðkröm)
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Living things
Living things are organized. The levels of biological organization extend as follows: Atoms and molecules --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organisms --> populations --> communities --> ecosystems (vistkerfi)
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Sakkarósi (strásykur)..
Glúkósi + frúktósi = Sakkarósi
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Mjólkursykur (laktósi)..
Galaktósi + glúkósi = Laktósi
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Fosfólipíð er úr..
Glýseróli, 2x fitusýrum, fosfathóp og alkóhóli
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Classification of organisms reflects
similarities and evolutionary history
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The process of science..
Observation --> Hypothesis --> Experiment --> Conclusion --> Scientific theory
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The ultimate source of energy in any ecosystem is..
The sun
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Which are the most biologically diverse ecosystems?
Rain forests and coral reefs (kóralrif)
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