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fibroadenoma
mass of connective tissue that is unattched to the surrounding breast tissue and is usually discovered during a mammo. Oval, freely mobile, and rubbery
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Fibrocystic breast condition
premeopausal women
20-50
imbalance in the nomal estrogen-to-progesterone ratio
symptoms=pain & tender lumps, lumps are rubbery, ill defined and found in upper outer quadrant
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FBC inconjuction with HRT
these postmenopausal women may develop FBC
does not increase chance of breast cancer
- biopsy indicated if...
- no fluid is aspirated
- mammo shows suspicious findings
- mass remains palpable after aspiration
- aspirated fluid reveals cancer cells
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treatment of FBC
- mild analgesics
- limiting salt
- wear supportive bra (some find not wearing is comfortable)
- ice/heat (temporary)
- contraceptives
- Danazol to surpress ovarian function
- Vitamins C, E, and B complex
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ductal ectasia
breast duct dilates and its walls thicken, causing duct to become blocked
women approaching mennopause
mass may be hard, irregular shaped, tender; green brown nipple discharge, enlarged axillary nodes, redness
warm compresses, antibiotics, surgically removed
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papilloma
woman 40-55
pedunculated outgrowth of tissue
bloody or serous nipple discharge
microscopic exam of discharge and mass surgically removed
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gynecomastia
"female breast" symptom in the male
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noninvasive breast cancer
Invasive breast cancer
*remains within the duct, 20%
ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma
*penetrates the tissue surrounding the duct
infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fibrosis, inflammatory breast cancer
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dutal &
lobular carcinoma
*located within the duct, no invaded fatty breast tissue, not metastasize
*rare, identified during biopsy from another problem
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma &
inflammatory breast cancer
*common type-pitting of breast, inverted nipples, fibrosis
*rare, highly aggressive-swelling, skin redness, and pain in the breasts
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risk of developing breast cancer
- exposure to ionzing radiation before 20
- early menarche before 12
- late mnopause after 50
- hx of previous breast cancer
- nulliparity (no pregnancies)
- nutrition and HRT
- alcohol
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neoadjuvant therapy
shrinking of a tumor prior to sx
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breast-conserving sx
vs
modified radical mastectomy
does not remove entire breast
breast is completely removed
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lymphedema
abnormal accumulation of protein fluid in the subcutaneous tissue of the affected limb afte ra mastectomy
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endomitriosis
endometrial tissue implantation outside the uterus
- dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
- pain
- pinful defecation
- low back ache
- infertility
- nausea
- diarrhea
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dysfunctional uterine bleeding
bleeding more than 21 days
occurs more often in beggining or ending of reproductive years
d/t hormonal imbalances
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endometrial ablation
removal of the built-up uterine lining stios the blood flow to fibroids that are causing excessive bleeding
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vulvovaginitis
is inflammation of the lower genital tract resulting from a disturbance of the balance of hormones and flora in the vagina and vulva
itching, change in vaginal discharge, odor, or lesions:
- yeast infection
- bacterial vaginosis
- stds
- vaginal atriphy
- changes in normal flora, ph
- antibiotics
- HIV
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myomectomy
removal of fibroids of the uterus
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