Network+

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - exchanging files through the WWW - information requesting and responding

Secure Sockets Layer - secures messages being transmitted online 

Transport Layer Security - messages sent online are tamper proof - TLS Record= connection security with encryption, TLS Handshake=mutual authentication and choice encryption

file transfer protocol - generic method of transferring files - includes file security through usernames and passwords and allows transfer of files between dissimilar systems

Trivial File Transfer Protocol - transfer files between a host and an FTP server (often used when transferring video, audio, and/or images)

Secure File Transfer Protocol - uses Secure Shell (SSH) to secure data transfers

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - routes electronic mail through the internetwork

Post Office Protocol 3 - part of the TCP/IP suite and is used to retrieve e-mail form a remote server to a local client

Internet Message Access Protocol 4 - e-mail retrieval protocol designed to enable users to access their e-mail from various locations without the need to transfer messages or files back and forth between computers.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - automatically assigning addresses and other configuration parameters to nework hosts (DHCP servers sends configuration info to hosts at startup)

Domain Name System - provides address/name resolution

Network Time Protocol - synchronize informatino between systems on a network

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - allows searching and updating of a directory service

Simple Network Management Protocol - lets network hosts exchange configuration and status information (gathered by management software and used to monitor and manage the network)

Remote Terminal Emulation - Telnet allows an attached computer to act as a dumb terminal, with data processing taking place on the host computer

Secure Shell - allows for secure interactive control of remote systems - uses RSA public key cryptography for connection and authentication

Transmission Control Protocol - provides services to ensure accurate and timely delivery of network communications between 2 hosts - sequences data packets, flow control, and error checking

User Data Protocol - host-to-host protocol - offers fast communications but at the expense of possible errors or data loss

Internet Control Message Protocol - allows hosts to exchange packet status information, which helps move packets through the internetwork

Internet Group Membership Protocol - defines host groups

way of classifying and talking about the process of sending data on a network

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Phone Cable - 2 pairs of twisted cable

RJ-45 - works with 10MB Ethernet or 16MB token ring

RJ 45 - works with 100MB Ethernet and ATM networking - also supports GB Ethernet

RJ-45 - like Cat 5 but gives better EMI, supports 100MB and GB Ethernet

RJ-45 - works with 10GB Ethernet and high-bandwith, broadband communications.  Uses a plastic core to keep twisted pairs separated and prevents the cable from being bent too tightly

unshielded twisted pair - type of cable

shielded twisted pair - type of cable

computers communicate directly to each other - connect the TX (transmit) cables to each other and the RX(receive) cables to each other - 1 to 3 (TX+ to RX+) and 2 to 6 (TX- to RX-)

demarcation point - line that marks the boundary between the telco equipment and the private network or tel systems - typically located in the bottom floor of a building

main distribution frame - main wiring point for a building - typically the bottom floor or the basement

Intermediate Distribution Frame - smaller wiring distribution point within a building

Consists of a single wire bundle that attaches to the existing demarc and supplies a termination point to a different locations - needed when your network occupies an upper floor of a building

connects MDF to IDF

connects IDF to IDF

used for telephone installations - uses RJ-21 connector

same color scheme as 25 pair but repeated 4 times

Punchdown block used for connecting individual copper wires together - 25 pair block has all 4 pins bonded (electrically) - 50 pair block has each set of 2 pins in a row bonded (a bridge clip is used with the 50 pair block)

Rows of plastic slots - use Blue Orange Green (BLOG) for remembering the wire order and start with the white striped wire first - used for telephone and data

connects individual stranded wires into female RJ-45 connectors

Address resolution protocol - locate MAC address of a device from its IP address

multiport bridge that performs filtering based on MAC addresses - offers guaranteed bandwidith to each switch port - operate at Layer 2

switch that is capable of reading network (Layer 3) addresses and making switching decisions based on the network address to switch or route packets between subnets. 

media access method where collision detection is on but can only send/receive in one direction at a time - must be used by devices connected to a hub - up to the rated bandwidth

no collision detection, can both send and receive simultaneously, requires capable NICs, requires switches with dedicated switch ports, can do double the rated bandwidth

• 10BaseT - 10-20 Mbps depending on duplex, cat 3/4/5, up to 100 meters
• 10BaseFL - 10 Mbps fiber optic (1k-20k meters)

• 100BaseTX - 100-200 Mbps depending on duplex, cat5 or higher, 100 meters
• 100BaseFL - 100(multimode) or 200(single-mode) Mbps in fiber optic - 412 meters if multimode but up to 2k meters single mode

1000BaseT, 1000BaseCX(short copper), 1000BaseSX(short), 1000BaseLX(long) - all 1000-2000 Mbps depending on duplex - T is for twisted pair up to 100 meters, CX is for copper up to 25 meters (used in wiring closets), SX is fiber optic 220-550 meters depending on cable quality, LX is fiber optic 550 meters multimode but 5 kilometers singlemode

10GBaseT, 10GBaseSR/SW, 10GBaseLR/LW, 10GBaseER/EW - all 10Gbps in full duplex ONLY - T is for twisted pair (cat 5e/6/7) up to 100 meters, SR/SW is for multimode fiber optic up to 300 meters, LR/LW is for singlemode fiber optic up to 10 kilometers, and ER/EW is for singlemode fiber optic up to 40 kilometers - if it ends in "W", it is for SONET

• A=1-126 w/subnet 255.0.0.0
• B=128-191 w/subnet 255.255.0.0
• C=192-223 w/subnet 255.255.255.0
• D=224-239 (subnet doesn't matter
• E=240-255 (subnet doesn't matter)

automatic proviate IP addressing - microsoft implementation - hosts assign themselves an IP address on the 169.254.0.0 network

manual assignment - small networks that don't change often - also for hosts that cannot accept an IP from an DHCP server - susceptible to errors

Domain Name Server - databases that map logical host names to IP addresses

dynamic DNS enables clients or the DHCP server to update records in the zone database - records are created and deleted automatically with dynamic updates

variable length subnet masks

• classful - protocol using the IP address class and default subnet mask to identify network addresses
• classless - ignores the IP address class and requires the subnet mask value be included in all route advertisements

routing information protocol - uses hop count as the metric - limited to 15 hops - v1 is classful, v2 is classless - suited for small private networks

enhanced interior gateway routing protocol - hybrid developed by Cisco - uses a composite number for the metric that indicates bandwidth and delay for a link - higher the bandwidth, the lower the metric - classless

Open Shortest Path First - uses a relative link cost for the metric - classless - divides a large network into areas - internal routers share routes w/in an area - a router is a boundary between one area and another

Intermediate system to intermediate system - uses relative link cost for the metric -  classless - divides a large network into areas - L1 routers share routes w/in an area - L2 routers share routes between areas - a network link is the boundary between one area and another

Border Gateway Protocol - advanced distance vector protocol - uses paths, rules, and policies instead of a metric for making routing decisions - classless - Internet BGP is used w/in an autonomous system, External BGP is used between

network address translation - lets you connect a private network to the Internet w/out obtaining registered addresses for every host - translates one address to another

• dynamic - automatically maps internal IP address with a dynamic port assignment
• static (SNAT) - maps an internal IP address to a static port assignment - used to take a server on the private network and make it available on the internet
• dynamic and static nat - 2 IP addresses are given to the public NAT interface (one for dynamic and one for static), allows traffic to flow in both directions

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority - responsible for allocating IP addresses used on the Internet

• Full- simulates a real physical host
• Partial - only some of the components are virtualized
• Paravirtualization - hardware is not virtualized - all of the guest operating systems running on the hypervisor directly access various hardware resources in the physical device