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jillmwashington
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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episode of pain that lasts from seconds to less than 6 months
acute pain
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a pattern of compulsive use of addictive substances for means other than those prescribed
addiction
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drugs typically used for other purposes, but also used to enhance the effect of opioids by providing additional pain relief
adjuvant
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pharmaceutical agent used to relieve pain
analgesic
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temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain
breakthrough pain
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episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous
chronic pain
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superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue
cutaneous pain
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the endorphin having the most potent analgesic effect
dysnorphin
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morphine-like substances released by the body that appear to alter the perception of pain
endorphins
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opioids that are widespread throughout the brain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord and are believed to reduce pain sensation by inhibiting the release of substance P
enkephalins
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period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear
exacerbation
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theory that explains that excitatory pain stimuli carried by small-diameter nerve fibers can be blocked by inhibiting signals carried large-diameter nerve fibers
gate control theory
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severe pain that is extremely resistant to relief measures
intractable pain
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process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified
modulation
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endogenous opioid chemical regulators that appear to have analgesic activity and alter pain perception
neuromodulator
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pain that results from an injury to or abnormal functioning of peripheral nerves or the central nervous system
neuropathic pain
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substances that either excite or inhibit target nerve cells
neurotransmitters
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pain receptors
nociceptors
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more correct term for narcotic analgesics, since these drugs act by binding to opiate receptor sites in the central nervous system
opioid
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amount of stimulation required before a person experiences the sensation of pain
pain threshold
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point beyond which a person is no longer willing to endure pain (ex. pain of greater duration or intensity)
pain tolerance
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conscious process of organizing and interpreting data from the senses into meaningful information
perception
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sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathologic substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb
phantom pain
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phenomenon in which the body physiologically becomes accustomed to an opioid and suffers withdrawal symptoms if the opioid is suddenly removed or the dose is rapidly decreased
physical dependence
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latin word meaning, "i shall please"; an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it
placebo
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pain for which no physical cause can be identified
psychogenic pain
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pain in an area removed from that in which stimulation has its origin
referred pain
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period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms of the disease
remission
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pain originating in structures in the body's external wall
somatic pain
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occurrence of the body's becoming accustomed to an opioid and needing larger dose each time for pain relief
tolerance
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activation of pain receptors
transduction
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conduction of pain sensations from the site of an injury or inflammation along clear and unclear pathways to the spinal cord and then on to higher centers
transmission
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pain originating in the internal organs in the thorax, cranium, or abdomen
visceral pain
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