PSY 360 Exam 2

2 perspectives of similarities and differences

Evolutionary perspective of similarities and differences emphasises human ___.

Cultural perspective of similarities and differences emphasises human ___.

evolutionary process by which nature selects traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

study of the evolution of behavior using the principles of natural selection

___ of ___ ___, states that humans are gene-producing machines with the basic motivation of propetuating our genetic pool for the purpose of survival

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

rules for accepted and expected behavior in social situations

buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define themselves as male or female

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

set of behavioral expectations or norms for males and females

a change in behavior or beliefs as a result of real or imagined group pressure

In a ___ society, conformity is seen as more postitive.

In a ___ society, conformity is seen as a more negative.

conformity that involves publically acting in accord with social pressure while privately disagreeing

acting in accord with direct order

conformity that involves both acting AND believing in accordance with social order

an accomplice of the experimentor

Line matching experiment

electric shock study on obedience

What breeds obedience/compliance? (3)

what is causing someone to behave in a certain way

when we look at others, we say that issues arrise from their ___

when we look at ourselves, they arrise from our ___

conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations (often to gain acceptance).

conformity occuring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people (often the media)

a motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom

___ arises when someone threatens our freedom of action

___ is evident in EVERYDAY life.

the process by which a message induces changes in beliefs, attitudes, or behavior

2 Routes of Persuasion

occurs when people who are interested focus arguments and respond with favorable results

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues (speaker's attractiveness)

Media communicates through the ___ route.

___ ___ ___ is the BEST form of communication.

If material is super complex, the best form of communication is ___.

Order of message (first/last) is the most important unless ___ is involved.

challenging beliefs of the opposite people

exposing people to attacks upon their attitudes so that when stronger attacks come, they will resist.

when a group of two or more people who for longer than a few moments interact and influence one another

the perception that people will perform better when other people are watching them

the concern for how others are evaluating us

tendency for people to exert less effort when they pull their efforts towards a common goal than when they are individually accountable

Social loafing is not as prominent if the task is ___ and ___ for all members and if all members are ___ ___.

people who benefit from the group but give little in return

conformity occuring amongst groups when people accept evidence about reality from other people (medial)

when groups conform based on their desires to fulfill others' expectations - often to gain acceptance

Directive leadership style where the responsibility is to organize work, set standards, and focus on goal attainment

Democrative leadership style where the reponsibility is to build teamwork, mediate conflict, and be suppportive.

Effective leaders are ___, ___, ___, and have the ability to ___ and ___.

a mode of thinking that persons engage in when agreement becomes so dominent in a cohesive in-group, that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternate courses of action

Minorities can make a big impact when . . . (3)

process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group

___ have more influence on social relationships.

#12) ___ influence is based on one's desire to be ___

#19) Fear arousing messages are most effective if . . .

when you lose your sense of identity (self-awareness)

*most common in "mob" settings*

Incidents of group think in American history

when a group become divided and there's no middle ground