joints

any disease or condition involving the musculoskeletal system

autoimmune disorders-antibodies attack healthy normal cells and tissues

inflammation of one or more joints

oa-noninflammatory, localized, not systemic, not an autoimmune disease

ra-systemic, inflammation

progressive deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints (articular cartilage)-60-80% water

osteophytes-bone spurs occur

the bodys repair process can not overcome the rapid process of degeneration

crepitus-when pieces of bone float in diseased joint and make a grating sound caused by loosened joint and cartilage

aging, genetics, obesity, smoking,

can happen from other musculoskeletal conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, manual occupations, trauma to joints

OA- chronic joint pain and stiffness, pain diminishes with rest, worsens after activity, inflammation with OA indicates secondary synovitis

• heberdens nodes (distal interphalangeal joints)
• bouchards nodes (proximal)

• infrapatellar notch (area directly below the knee)
• suprapatellar area (directly above knee)

CONSTANT PAIN, INTERFERE WITH LIFE AND ADLS

erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high sensitivity c reactive protein may be elevated in secondary synovitis

NSAIDS

hot peppers-WEAR GLOVES

decrease inflammation

strengthens cartilage

surgical creation of a joint

bony necrosis secondary to lack of blood flow usually from trauma or chronic steriod therapy

first time a pt receives a total joint arthroplasty

fix implant

1 week

epidural or spinal

reduces blood loss and incidence of dvt

partial dislocation

partial or total hip dislocation

VTE and pulmonary embolism

anti coags

decreased platelets

less than 50 ml/8 hr

the night of

90

traditional surg=3 days

MI=2nd post op day or day of surg.

refined capsaisin products placed directly into the surgical joint

anestesiologist injects femoral or sciatic nerve with local anestetic by portable pump

joint surfaces

replacement of part of the joint

common connective tissue disease that can be the most destructive to the joints, chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects primarily the synovial joints

means that it affects the body system affecting many joints and other tissues

vascular granulation tissue composed of inflammatory cells, it erodes the articular cartilage and eventually destroys bone

blood vessel involvement

1116-1118

extract a specimen of bone tissue for microscopic examination

1) needle (closed)

2) incisional (open)

done for diagnostic and inflammation

electromyography

used to evaluate diffuse or localized muscle weakness

fiberoptic tube inserted into a joint for direct visualization of the ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of the joint

flex the knee at least 40 degrees

1155-1156

reducing and immobilizing a fracture

open reduction-allows the surgeon to see the fracture site

internal fixation-metal pins, screws, rods, plates or prostheses to immobilize the fracture during healing

for patients with soft tissue injury (open fracture)

system in which pins or wires are inserted through the skin and affected bone and then connected to a rigid external frame

delivers small continuous electrical charge directed toward the non healed bone

used for slow healing fractures or for new fractures

method for absorbing dexamethasone through the skin near the painful area to decrease inflammation and edema

can begin 6-8 hours after injury, can take up to 2 days to appear

1159-1163

within the joint capsule

outside the joint capsule

inserting a balloon into the vertebra space to restore height to vertebra

1172

removal of excess synovium

rest, ice, compression, elevation

tendon reconstruction