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Why is it important to order further testing?
it is important to do further testing because we want to determine what is causing the pain or discomfort in the client
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Name 2 things to consider when ordering tests..
How sensitive and how specific it is for the client?
Will the test results change your treatment plan?
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What is sensitivity?
What information does it give us?
Sensitivity referes to whether a test will pick up the intended abnormality 100% of the time.
SENSITIVE TESTS, WHEN NEGATIVE, RULE OUT DISEASE
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What is specificity?
What information does it give us?
Specificity is the probability of a negative result among patients without disease
SPECIFIC TESTS, WHEN POSITIVE, RULE IN DISEASE
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What is ESR? what information does it give us?
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - It is the rate at which RBC's settle in well mixed blood in an hour.
- The quicker the RBC's fall to the bottom determines how much inflammation is present because RBC's stick together and sink to the bottom during inflammation.
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What are the 3 types of anaemia?
- Macrocytic
- The causes of this type are iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia (inherited disorders of hemoglobin).
- Symptoms - Fatigue, low BP, rapid heart beat, shortness of breath
- Normocytic
- Microcytic - Acute blood loss of haemolysis
- Symptoms
- Pallor–reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin in skin or mucous membrane, Pica–unusual obsessive food cravings, hair loss, Light-headedness
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What are the 5 types of WBC?
- Granulocytic - Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils
- Agranulocytic - Lymphocytes, leukocytes
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What is used to diagnose RA?
Blood tests, ESR, C-Reactive protein (8/10 people with RA have this protein)
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Why are blood lipids important to test regularly?
Blood lipids are so important to regularly because they can determine whether someone is at risk of coronary heart disease
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What is a blood calcium ion test? What signs and symptoms would you refer for testing?
A blood calcium ion test is one to look for bone, kidney or parathyroid gland disease.
- The s&s you would refer for would be;
- Hypercalcaemia - Fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea
- Hypocalcaemia - Abdominal cramps, muscle cramps and tingling fingers
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Blood Glucose Test. What are the Signs are symptoms you would refer for testing?
A blood glucose test screens for, diagnoses and monitors diabetes and hyopglycaemia.
- The s&s -
- Hyperglycaemia - increased thirst & urination, tiredness, blurred vision.
- Hypoglycaemia - Sweating, hunger, nausea, trembling
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What do cardiac enzyme studies measure? When would a myo order this test?
- A CES shoes whether a client is having a myocardial infarction or a threatened heart attack.
- A myo would order this test if the client is experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea or sweating.
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What signs and symptoms would you order urinalysis?
- Abdominal pain, back pain, painful urination.
- Pregnancy check up
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Name 4 substances that a Urinalysis provides?
Protein, glucose, ketones, blood
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When would you order a stool test?
What information would it provide?
To determine whether a parasite or bacteria may be infecting the intestines.
- Allergy or inflammation in the body: evaluation of milk protein allergy in infants
- ? Infection: caused by some types of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that invade the gastrointestinal system
- ?Digestive problems: malabsorption of certain sugars, fats, or nutrients
- ? Bleeding inside of the gastrointestinal tract: Faecal occult blood
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