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what is the scientific name for a mice?
Mus musculus
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what order are mice in?
rodentia
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what family are mice in?
maridae
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what are the 2 most common colors of mice?
which is more common?***
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that are the 4 main strains of mice used in research?
- outbred
- inbred
- congenic
- transgenic
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what are outbred strains?
what do they mimmick?
- strains from random breeding to create genetic variety
- mimmicks a human population
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what are the problems with using an outbred strain for research?
- with genetic variety comes result variety
- genetic dzs are present
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genetically, outbred strains are ______
heterozygous
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what are inbred strains?
- result of a single family mating
- 20 generations
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inbred strains are _____
Isogenic
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what is a BALB/c strain?
albino- inbred
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what is a C57BL strain?
black- inbred
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what are the benefits with using inbred strains?
- low variations of genetics=low variations of research results
- consistency!
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what are congenic strains?
animals different @ one particular locus?
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what are transgenic strains?
micro inj. of DNA into mouse eggs for production of specific disease models
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what are mutant strains?
ex?
- inbred types of mice
- ex: Nude mice/rats
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what is the difference between nude mice and normal mice?
- they lack a thymus
- (T cells=immunocompromised)
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what is SCID?
severe compromised immuno-deficiency
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what do SCIDs lack?
- B & T cells
- pretty much dont have an immune system
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what are the 5 types of ecological types of mice?
(ggscs)
- germ free (axenic)
- Gnotobiotic
- (SPF) Specific Pathogen Free
- Conventional
- Sentinel animals
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axenic-
- completely germ free, contain no detectable microflora***
- normal flora too!
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Gnotobiotic-
Associated with a known micro flora
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how are gnotobiotic created?
giving normoflora to an axenic pt
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which Ecological type is most common?
SPF
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SPFs-
- free of specific pathogens
- (have normal flora, no bad bacteria/dzs)
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conventional animals-
- animals w. undefined microflora
- no serology testing or specific breeding
- (normal pet, normal animal)
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sentinel animals-
- healthy animal is placed in a room w. other animals to detect presence of a dz
- "sent in kennel" as quality control
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what happens to sentinel animals every 3 months?
euthanized and tested completely for disease
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what type of animals are usually used as sentinel animals?
small animals
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short life spans
can study generations over a short pd time
short gestation
large litter size
great genetic diversity
inexpensive
maintenance is easy
toxicity testing
reasons for mice being used so frequently in lab animal research
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what is the life span of a mouse?
1-3 years
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what is the gestational pd of mice?
19-21 days
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what are the cons of toxicity testing?
large numbers of animals needed
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mice are _____ animals and can be housed in groups.
social
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what mice should be housed alone?
male mice
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what is barbering?
when a dominant mouse in a group removes the facial hair from all other mice in the cage
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what are two reasons for barbering?
what are two solutions to stop barbering?
- boredom and dominance
- remove barbor from the cage or provide more enrichment
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what is the clinical significance with boredom?
- boredom causes stress
- stress causes cortisol
- cortisol decreases immune function
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what does iacuc require that the mice have in their cage?
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mice have a ____ developed sense of smell
highly
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mice have _______ hearing
sensitive
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mice have ______ eyesight
poor
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what is the norm. body temp of a mouse?
98-101.F
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what is the norm. HR?
300-750bpm
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what is the normal RR?
70-120bpm
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what is the weaning age?
21-28 days
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how are mice supposed to be initially handled?
base of the tail
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what can happen if the tail is gripped towards the tip?
degloving
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what is degloving/tail slip?
what is the tx?
- skin seperates from the muscle
- euthanasia usually
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what is the decapicone?
piece of plastic that fits the entire mouseused w. people that cannot make a fist
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what is the dental formula for mice?
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what causes the incisors to change color?
age
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what color do teeth change w. age?
yellow/orange
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open rooted-
- continuously grow
- hypsodonic dentition
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______ may prevent normal wear of the teeth
malocclusion
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_____ may be necessary for malocclused teeth
clipping or cutting
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what tool is preferred for cutting of the teeth?
what is it similar to?
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do molars continuously grow?
no!
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what are the 2 uses for tails?
- thermoregulation- release heat, cannot sweat
- balance
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what is the most common type of tumor in mice?
mammary
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what are the common locations for mammary tumors?
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what may be used for sexing?
nipples
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how many mammary glands do they usually have?
- 5 pairs
- 3 thoracic
- 2 abdominal
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males have open ______
this means they can _______
- inguinal canals
- retract their testicles
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males also have a _____ similar to a dog
os penis
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what are the predominant WBCs in mice?
lymphocytes
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what is the urine of mice like?
highly concentrated with high protein content
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what does the conc. of urine mean for maintenance?
- ammonia
- cleaning at least once a week
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what are reactive lymphocytes seen with?
lymphosarcoma or recent vaccine
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what do reactive lymphos look like?
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harderian gland-
lacrimal type of gland
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what do harderian glands secrete?
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parphyrin-
red staining tears from stress
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what is the term for red tears?
chromodacryorrhea
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how long is the estus cycle?
4-5 days
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what kind of ovulators are mice?
spontaneous ovulators
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what gets secreted by the female after mating?
how long after mating can this be seen?
in what setting might this be important?
- copulatory plug
- 12-36 hours after
- when breeding mice
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what happens 24 hours after parturition?
postpartum estrus
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what kind of nest is built for the pups?
when are they born?
-
what is the average litter size?
10-12
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when should the cage be cleaned and food/water replaced with a pregnant mouse?
a week before parturition
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how do you age pups?
based on hair coat and if their eyes are open
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when does their hair start growing?
1 week
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when do their eyes open?
2 weeks
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what is the whitten effect?
group or one female is exposed to a male, the majority will be in estrus by the 3rd night
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what is the Bruce effect?
pregnant female will abort the litter she has within 48 hours of copulation if exposed to another male
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what is the Lee Boot effect?
if female is bred during post partum estrus, they will have an extended gestation
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what are the 2 parts of their one stomach?
- glandular part
- aglandular part
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coprophagy-
reason?
- ingesting feces
- recycle B vitamins that are excreted with the bacteria in their colon
-
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what prevents mice from vomiting?
limiting ridge
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what kind of fat do mice have a good amount of?
where is it located?
- brown fat
- between shoulders and around kidneys
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what does brown fat store energy as?
glycogen
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how much energy is provided by brown fat when compared to normal fat?
10x the amount from brown fat! :D
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