-
what is the scientific name for a mice?
Mus musculus
-
what order are mice in?
rodentia
-
what family are mice in?
maridae
-
what are the 2 most common colors of mice?
which is more common?***
-
that are the 4 main strains of mice used in research?
- outbred
- inbred
- congenic
- transgenic
-
what are outbred strains?
what do they mimmick?
- strains from random breeding to create genetic variety
- mimmicks a human population
-
what are the problems with using an outbred strain for research?
- with genetic variety comes result variety
- genetic dzs are present
-
genetically, outbred strains are ______
heterozygous
-
what are inbred strains?
- result of a single family mating
- 20 generations
-
inbred strains are _____
Isogenic
-
what is a BALB/c strain?
albino- inbred
-
what is a C57BL strain?
black- inbred
-
what are the benefits with using inbred strains?
- low variations of genetics=low variations of research results
- consistency!
-
what are congenic strains?
animals different @ one particular locus?
-
what are transgenic strains?
micro inj. of DNA into mouse eggs for production of specific disease models
-
what are mutant strains?
ex?
- inbred types of mice
- ex: Nude mice/rats
-
what is the difference between nude mice and normal mice?
- they lack a thymus
- (T cells=immunocompromised)
-
what is SCID?
severe compromised immuno-deficiency
-
what do SCIDs lack?
- B & T cells
- pretty much dont have an immune system
-
what are the 5 types of ecological types of mice?
(ggscs)
- germ free (axenic)
- Gnotobiotic
- (SPF) Specific Pathogen Free
- Conventional
- Sentinel animals
-
axenic-
- completely germ free, contain no detectable microflora***
- normal flora too!
-
Gnotobiotic-
Associated with a known micro flora
-
how are gnotobiotic created?
giving normoflora to an axenic pt
-
which Ecological type is most common?
SPF
-
SPFs-
- free of specific pathogens
- (have normal flora, no bad bacteria/dzs)
-
conventional animals-
- animals w. undefined microflora
- no serology testing or specific breeding
- (normal pet, normal animal)
-
sentinel animals-
- healthy animal is placed in a room w. other animals to detect presence of a dz
- "sent in kennel" as quality control
-
what happens to sentinel animals every 3 months?
euthanized and tested completely for disease
-
what type of animals are usually used as sentinel animals?
small animals
-
short life spans
can study generations over a short pd time
short gestation
large litter size
great genetic diversity
inexpensive
maintenance is easy
toxicity testing
reasons for mice being used so frequently in lab animal research
-
what is the life span of a mouse?
1-3 years
-
what is the gestational pd of mice?
19-21 days
-
what are the cons of toxicity testing?
large numbers of animals needed
-
mice are _____ animals and can be housed in groups.
social
-
what mice should be housed alone?
male mice
-
what is barbering?
when a dominant mouse in a group removes the facial hair from all other mice in the cage
-
what are two reasons for barbering?
what are two solutions to stop barbering?
- boredom and dominance
- remove barbor from the cage or provide more enrichment
-
what is the clinical significance with boredom?
- boredom causes stress
- stress causes cortisol
- cortisol decreases immune function
-
what does iacuc require that the mice have in their cage?
-
mice have a ____ developed sense of smell
highly
-
mice have _______ hearing
sensitive
-
mice have ______ eyesight
poor
-
what is the norm. body temp of a mouse?
98-101.F
-
what is the norm. HR?
300-750bpm
-
what is the normal RR?
70-120bpm
-
what is the weaning age?
21-28 days
-
how are mice supposed to be initially handled?
base of the tail
-
what can happen if the tail is gripped towards the tip?
degloving
-
what is degloving/tail slip?
what is the tx?
- skin seperates from the muscle
- euthanasia usually
-
what is the decapicone?
piece of plastic that fits the entire mouseused w. people that cannot make a fist
-
what is the dental formula for mice?
-
what causes the incisors to change color?
age
-
what color do teeth change w. age?
yellow/orange
-
open rooted-
- continuously grow
- hypsodonic dentition
-
______ may prevent normal wear of the teeth
malocclusion
-
_____ may be necessary for malocclused teeth
clipping or cutting
-
what tool is preferred for cutting of the teeth?
what is it similar to?
-
do molars continuously grow?
no!
-
what are the 2 uses for tails?
- thermoregulation- release heat, cannot sweat
- balance
-
what is the most common type of tumor in mice?
mammary
-
what are the common locations for mammary tumors?
-
what may be used for sexing?
nipples
-
how many mammary glands do they usually have?
- 5 pairs
- 3 thoracic
- 2 abdominal
-
males have open ______
this means they can _______
- inguinal canals
- retract their testicles
-
males also have a _____ similar to a dog
os penis
-
what are the predominant WBCs in mice?
lymphocytes
-
what is the urine of mice like?
highly concentrated with high protein content
-
what does the conc. of urine mean for maintenance?
- ammonia
- cleaning at least once a week
-
what are reactive lymphocytes seen with?
lymphosarcoma or recent vaccine
-
what do reactive lymphos look like?
-
harderian gland-
lacrimal type of gland
-
what do harderian glands secrete?
-
parphyrin-
red staining tears from stress
-
what is the term for red tears?
chromodacryorrhea
-
how long is the estus cycle?
4-5 days
-
what kind of ovulators are mice?
spontaneous ovulators
-
what gets secreted by the female after mating?
how long after mating can this be seen?
in what setting might this be important?
- copulatory plug
- 12-36 hours after
- when breeding mice
-
what happens 24 hours after parturition?
postpartum estrus
-
what kind of nest is built for the pups?
when are they born?
-
what is the average litter size?
10-12
-
when should the cage be cleaned and food/water replaced with a pregnant mouse?
a week before parturition
-
how do you age pups?
based on hair coat and if their eyes are open
-
when does their hair start growing?
1 week
-
when do their eyes open?
2 weeks
-
what is the whitten effect?
group or one female is exposed to a male, the majority will be in estrus by the 3rd night
-
what is the Bruce effect?
pregnant female will abort the litter she has within 48 hours of copulation if exposed to another male
-
what is the Lee Boot effect?
if female is bred during post partum estrus, they will have an extended gestation
-
what are the 2 parts of their one stomach?
- glandular part
- aglandular part
-
coprophagy-
reason?
- ingesting feces
- recycle B vitamins that are excreted with the bacteria in their colon
-
-
what prevents mice from vomiting?
limiting ridge
-
what kind of fat do mice have a good amount of?
where is it located?
- brown fat
- between shoulders and around kidneys
-
what does brown fat store energy as?
glycogen
-
how much energy is provided by brown fat when compared to normal fat?
10x the amount from brown fat! :D
|
|