Lecture #4

pt is lying flat on their back

pt is lying face down on stomach

pt is lying on left or right side; be sure to not block the airway or cause excessive pressure on chest.

pt is lying on their back with upper body elevated at 45-60 degree angle

pt is lying on back with upper body elevated at angle less than 45 degrees

pt is lying on back with legs elevated higher than the head and body on an incline plane (head down, legs up)

vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into right and left segments. segments do not have to be equal

vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into equal left and right segments

divides the body into front and back halves

parallel with the ground and divides body into upper and lower halves

the line that divides the entire body into left and right halves

divides the entire body into front and back, line runs from ears down to ankles

a horizontal line drawn through the body, front to back, at the waist

above the waist from the transverse line

below the waist from the transverse line

towards the front

towards the back

towards the back or spine

towards the front or abdomen

towards the midline or center of the body

left or right side of the midline, or away from the midline

near the point of reference

distant, or far from the point of reference

center of each of the collar bones

the center of the armpit, extends down to ankle

sole of the foot

the palm of the hand

• liver
• right kidney
• pancreas
• gallbladder
• small intestine

• liver
• spleen
• left kidney
• stomach
• colon pancreas
• small intestine

• colon
• small intestine
• right ureter
• appendix
• right ovary (female)
• right fallopian tube (female)

• colon
• small intesting
• left ureter
• left ovary (female)
• left fallopian tube (female)

c1-c7 (neck)

t1-t12 (upper back)

L1-L5 (lower back)

s1-s5 (back wall of pelvis)

tailbone

eye sockets

fused bones of the upper jaw

cheekbones

• lower jaw
• largest and strongest bone of face

the superior portion of the sternum

"wings" of the pelvis

posterior and inferior portion of the pelvis

the pelvic socket

kneecap

weight bearing bone located at the anterior and medial side of the shin

attached to the tibia at the top and is located at the lateral side of the leg, parallel to the tibia

the knobby surface landmarks on the ankle joint

heel bone

tip of the shoulder girdle

lateral bone of the forearm

medial bone of the forearm

the part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow

bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

movement away from the midline

movement towards the midline

a combo of four preceding motions as is possible with the shoulder joint

turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front

turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back

• permits the widest ROM
• ex: shoulder and hip

• permits flexion and extension
• knee, elbow, finger

• allows for turning motion
• ex: head and neck, 1st and 2nd cervical vebtebrae, wrist

• simplest movement between two bones
• ex: connect the small bones in the hands and feet

• permits a combo of limited movements along perpendicular planes
• ex: the ankle allowing the foot to turn inward as it moves up and down

• modified ball and socket joint
• permits limited motion in two different directions
• ex: wrist - allows hand to move side to side and up and down but not rotate completely

carry blood toward the heart

carry blood away from the heart

exchange site between blood and tissues

upper chamber of the heart

the lower chambers of the heart

valve between the right atrium and left ventricle

at the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle

between the left atrium and left ventricle

at the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle

• major artery from heart
• lies in front of the spine and passes through the thoracic and abdominal cavities

vessels that supply the heart itself with blood

• one on each side of the neck
• supply the brain and head with blood

major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood

an artery in the foot, can be felt in top surface of the foot on the big-toe side

travel from the calf to the foot, can be felt posterior to the medial malleolus

major artery of the upper arm

major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint

• originate in the right ventricle of the heart
• carry O2 depleted blood to the lungs

• the smallest kind of artery
• carry blood from the arteries into the capillaries

• tiny blood vessels that connect an arteriole into a venule
• has walls that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste at the cellular level

• smallest branch of veins
• connected to the distal ends of capillaries

carries blood back to the heart

• give blood it's color
• carry O2 to the body cells
• carry CO2 away from the cells

part of the body's immune system to help defend against infection